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Fertilization
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That scientists have cloned a sheep sends academics and the public into a panic at the prospect that humans might be next. That's an understandable reaction.(46)___________,so it's not unreasonable to be concerned that it might threaten human society and dignity.Yet much of the ethical oppo-- sition seems also to grow out of an unthinking disgust. And that makes it hard for even trained scientists and ethicists to see the matter clearly.While human cloning might not offer great benefits to humarnty,no one has yet made a persuasive case that it would do any real harm,either.(47)_______That would surely be true if a cloned individual were treated as a lesser being, with fewer rights or lower stature.But why suppose that cloned persons wouldn't share the same rights and dignity as the rest of us?A leading ethicist has suggested that cloning would violate the "right to genetic identity".(48)________It makes perfect sense to say that adult persons have a right not to be cloned without their voluntary,informed consent. But if such consent is given,whose "right"to genetic identity would be violated?So who will likely take advantage of cloning?Perhaps a grieving couple whose child is dying. (49)________But a cloned child born to such dubious parents stands no greater or lesser chance of being loved,or rejected,or warped than a child normally conceived.Infertile couples are also likely to seek out cloning. That such couples have other options(in vitro fertilization or adoption)is not an argument for denying them the right to clone.Or consider an example raised by Judge Richard Posner:a couple in which the husband has some tragic genetic defect. Currently,if this couple wants a genetically related child,(50)________They can reproduce naturally and risk passing on the disease to the child.They can go to a sperm bank and take a chance on unknown genes.They can try in vitro fertilization and dispose of any afflicted embryo though that might be objectionable,too.Or they can get a male relative of the father to donate sperm,if such a relative exists.This is one case where even people unnerved by cloning might see it as not the worst option.Even if human cloning offers no obvious benefits to humanity,why ban it?In a democratic society we don't usually pass laws outlawing something before there is actual or probable evidence of harm.Most important,human cloning should be governed by the same laws that now protect human rights.A world not safe for cloned humans would be a world not safe for the rest of us._______（49）A:they have four not altogether pleasant options.B:This might seem psychologically twisted.C:Theologians contend that to clone a human would violate human dignity.D:Parents might clone a child to have"spare parts"in case the original child needs an organ transplant.E:Cloning is a radical challenge to the most fundamental laws of biology.F: Where did he come up with such a right?
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名词解释题营养诊断施肥 diagnosis nutrient and fertilization
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