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共用题干
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
第三篇
Animal Testing Controversy
To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.
For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.
Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.
Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.
From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is________.
A:a well-known humanist
B:a medical practitioner
C:an enthusiast in animal rights
D:a supporter of animal research
A:a well-known humanist
B:a medical practitioner
C:an enthusiast in animal rights
D:a supporter of animal research
参考答案
参考解析
解析：第一段中间提到“Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates...”意思是科学家们需要采取行动回应这些动物权利的鼓吹者。这实际上就是一个呼吁，所以答案应该是A。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。
第一段最后一句说，被误导的人们“听到医学实验残忍对待动物的指控时，许多人都不明白为什么有人会故意伤害动物”。第二段举了被误导女士的例子，她反对用动物来做研究。第三段最后一句，这些人认为“动物实验说得好是浪费，说得不好是残忍”。A 内容不完整。inevitable：不可避免的；vicious：危险的，所以选项B正确。
该例子中，慈祥的妇人“encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals”，至于疫苗，如果来自动物她也抵制，认为流行病自有科学家们用计算机来解决。由此可见老人对科学的无知。第二段最后一句感叹“这些好心人根本就不明白”，所以答案为B。
根据关键词“challenge from animal rights advocates”以及“scientists should”, 可以在最后两段中找出作者向科学家们提出的建议都有助于他们与公众更好的交流。很明显选项A合理，选项B、C、D在文中没有提到，不正确。
最后一段“Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients...Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research”。从这句话我们知道，Cooper是个名人，也是患者，他曾经高度赞扬过动物研究的价值。由此可以推断他是支持动物研究的，正确答案是D。
更多 “共用题干 第三篇Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is________.A:a well-known humanist B:a medical practitionerC:an enthusiast in animal rights D:a supporter of animal research” 相关考题
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Text 2 To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.”One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal. For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied,“Then I would have to say yes.”Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said,“Don’t worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.”Such well-meaning people just don's understand. Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way-in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement, a father's bypass operation a baby's vaccinations, and even a pet's shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could“adopt”middle school classes and present their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.第46题：The author begins his article with Edmund Burke\'s words toA. call on scientists to take some actions.B. criticize the misguided cause of animal rights.C. warn of the doom of biomedical research.D. show the triumph of the animal rights movement.
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C“Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, For Example, most of us remember our parents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time.Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration. Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic (蒜) is good for you, too. It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.Unfortunately, not all of Mom’ s advice passed the test of medical studies, For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. Sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales. After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as we search for clear scientific support to prove it true or false.48. Which of the following is TRUE according to the test?A. Eating garlic is good for our eyes.B. Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth.C. Swimming after a meal is dangerous.D. Carrots prevent people from catching colds.
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共用题干
Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Gardner thinks that his theory has a______.A:musical foundationB:biological foundationC:intrapersonal foundation D:linguistic foundation
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共用题干
Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A:Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B:Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.C:Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.D:People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.
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共用题干
Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Gardner be1ieves that______.A:all children are alikeB:children should take one intelligence testC:there is no general intelligenceD:children have different intelligences
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共用题干
Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but youmight not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologistshave two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.Thesepsychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on alltests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelli-gent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.According to Gardner,schools shouldA:test students'IQsB:promote development of all intelligencesC:train students who do poorly on testsD:focus on finding the most intelligent students
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共用题干
第二篇Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.Shy people are anxious and self-conscious;that is,they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions.Worrisome thoughts are constantly occurring in their minds.What kind of impression am I taking? Do they like me?Do I look stupid?Am I wearing attractive clothes?It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely.A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves,and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions.In general,the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.Shy people,having low self-esteem,are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing"the right thing".Shy people are very sensitive to criticism;they feel it confirms their inferiority.They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise.A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one,"you are just saying that to make me feel good.I know it's not true."It is clear that,while self-awareness is a healthy quality,overdoing it is harmful.Can shyness be completely eliminated,or at least reduced?Fortunately,people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence.Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem,it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their their strengths.For example,most people would like to be"A"student in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves inferior because they have difficulty in some areas.People's expectations of themselves must be realistic.Living on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy.Each one of us is a unique,worthwhile individual. We are interested in our own personal ways.The better we understand ourselves,the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.Let's not allow shyness to block our chances for a rich and fullfilling life.According to the writer,self-awareness is______.A:harmful to peopleB:a weak point of shy peopleC:the cause of unhappinessD:a good quality
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共用题干
第三篇 The Body ThievesIn the early nineteenth century in Britain,many improvements were being made in the world of medicine.Doctors and surgeons were becoming more knowledgeable about thehuman body.Illnesses that had been fatal a few years before were now curable.However, surgeons had one problem.They needed dead bodies to cut up,or dissect（解剖）.This was the only way that they could learn about the flesh and bones inside the body,and the only way to teach new surgeons to carry out operations.The job of finding these dead bodies was carried out by an unpleasant group of people called "body snatchers". They went into graveyards（墓地）at night and, using woodenshovels to make less noise,dug up any recently buried bodies.Then they took the bodies to the medical schools and sold them.A body could be sold for between ￡5 and ￡10, which was a lot of money at that time.The doctors who paid the body snatchers had an agreement with them一they never asked any questions.They did not desire to know where the bodies came from,as long as they kept arriving.The most famous of these body snatchers were two men from Edinburgh called William Burke and Wil!iam Hare.Burke and Hare were different because they did not」ust dig up bodies from graveyards.They got greedy and thought of an easier way to find bodies. Instead of digging them up,they killed the poorer guests in Hare's small hotel.Dr Knox, the respected surgeon they worked for,never asked why all the bodies they brought him had been strangled（勒死）.For many years Burke and Hare were not caught because,unsurprisingly,the bodies of their victims were never found by the police.They were eventually arrested and put ontrial in 1829.The judge showed mercy to Hare and he was released but Burke was found guilty and his punishment was to be hanged.Appropriately,his body was given to the medical school and he ended up on the dissecting table,just like his victims.In one small way，justice was done.Now,over 1 50 years later,surgeons do not need the help of criminals to learn their skills.However,the science of surgery could not have developed without their rather gruesome（令人毛骨惊然的）help. Burke and Hare differed from other body snatchers in thatA:they got other people to dig up bodies for them.B: they sold the bodies only to one surgeon.C: they dug up bodies not just from graveyards.D: they resorted to murder to get bodies.
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Music and DrivingListening to loud music while driving can seriously hamper reaction times and cause accidents,new research suggests.A Canadian study found people took up to 20% longer to perform physical and mental tasks to loud music .If motorists were delayed that long at the wheel they could suffer a fatal crash, warned the RAG Foundation,a British motoring organization.Edmund King,the RACFoundation's executive director,said the study showed that"not only is loud music a nuisance to other,it could also be the cause of accidents".Earlier research by the RAG Foundation found drivers were twice as likely to skip a red light while listening to music.In the Canadian study volunteers carried out tasks while listening to levels of noise varying from 53 decibels(equivalent to an office environment)to 95 decibels(equivalent to an oil rig).Researchers found reactions to be significantly decreased at higher noise levels for both physical and mental work.At 95 decibels reaction times to tasks that involve decision making plummeted（骤然减少）by 20%.Edmund King said:" The findings of the Canadian study are bad news for decibel-loving drivers,as they prove that not only is loud music a nuisance to others,it could also be the cause of accidents on the roads."Drivers are at even greater risk if they listen to music with a pounding beat rather than more relaxed tunes,according to experts.Conrad King,consultant psychologist to the foundation,said:"It is important that drivers choose their music carefully when driving,as up-tempo music has been shown to cause drivers to have double the amount of accidents as those listening to slower music."In general,if music is ahove 60 beats per minute,listeners experience a faster rate and increased blood pressure."It doesn't matter if you listen to opera,classical or the latest rave music.It's the speed of the beat that counts." Edmund King believes that loud music will do no harm to drivers.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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第二篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic （身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A:People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.B:Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.C:Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D:Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.
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第三篇Generation GapA few years ago,it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap,a division between young people and their elders.Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience,while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared?Actually,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life styles.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and approve of,and often to continue the family occupation. In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education,most out of the family home at an early age,marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents.In our upwardly mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often,however,the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they dis-cover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally,the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations.In a traditional culture,elderly people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt,the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society,and in the rapid pace at which society changes.Which one is NOT the cause of the generation gap?A:Young people like to choose their own life styles.B:American society is changing very fast.C:Parents place high hopes on their children.D:Modern education makes them think differently.
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第二篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic （身体动觉的）, and naturalistic.Gardner thinks that his theory has a________.A:musical foundation B:biological foundationC:intrapersonal foundation D:linguistic foundation
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第三篇Generation GapA few years ago,it was fashionable to speak of a generation gap,a division between young people and their elders.Parents complained that children did not show them proper respect and obedience,while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all.What had gone wrong?Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared?Actually,the generation gap has been around for a long time.Many critics argue that it is built into the fabric of our society.One important cause of the generation gap is the opportunity that young people have to choose their own life styles.In more traditional societies,when children grow up,they are expected to live in the same area as their parents,to marry people that their parents know and approve of,and often to continue the family occupation. In our society,young people often travel great distances for their education,most out of the family home at an early age,marry or live or choose occupations different from those of their parents.In our upwardly mobile society,parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs,to make more money,and to do all the things that they were unable to do.Often,however,the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they dis-cover that they have very little in common with each other.Finally,the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations.In a traditional culture,elderly people are valued for their wisdom,but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become obsolete overnight.The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds,separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt,the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come.Its causes are rooted in the freedoms and opportunities of our society,and in the rapid pace at which society changes.The word"around"in paragraph one means________.A:on all sides B:in every directionC:near D:in existence
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第三篇Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The author begins his article with Edmund Burke's words to________. A:call on scientists to take some actionsB:criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC:warn of the doom of biomedical researchD:show the triumph of the animal rights movement
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第三篇Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public's________A:discontent with animal researchB:ignorance about medical scienceC:indifference to epidemicsD:anxiety about animal rights
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Are You a Successful Leader?1 Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation.At work or at play,you'll find yourself in groups,working with other people:your team at work,a meeting with colleagues,your family,a holiday with friends,a group of students working together,a day out walking in the mountains,a group of neighbours want- ing to make changes.It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success,partly because we need to do it so often.2 In almost every situation where you're in a group,you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders.Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated.Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved.There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.3 Some people are natural leaders.The celebrity chef,Antonio Carluccio says,"True leaders are born and you can spot them in kitchens."They're people who combine toughness,fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders,most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught.Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy,controlling way.You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.4 Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Seff-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader.Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent.They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgements under pressure.Lastly,and probably most importantly,good leaders need to be sensi- tive,sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people.Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.Groups often break down because of__________.A:the ability to work with othersB:encouraging group membersC:lack of good leadersD:bossing people aroundE:working out good strategiesF: overcoming fears about being a leader
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第三篇Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.The author believes that,in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,scientists should________.A:communicate more with the publicB:employ hi-tech means in researchC:feel no shame for their causeD:strive to develop new cures
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第三篇Animal Testing ControversyTo paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,"All that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing." One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates,whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding,and few people understand the process of health care research.Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings,many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example,a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is animals一no meat,no fur,no medicines.Asked if she opposed immunizations,she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research.When assured that they do,she replied,"Then I would have to say yes."Asked what will happen when epidemics return,she said,"Don't worry,scientists will find some way of using computers."Such well-meaning people just don't understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,understandable way一in human terms,not in the language of molecular biology.We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother's hip replacement,a father's bypass operation,a baby's vaccinations,and even a pet's shots.To those who are unaware that animal research was nee-- ded to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done.Scientists could"adopt"middle school classes and present their own re-search.They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor,lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.Research institutions could be opened to tours,to show that laboratory animals receive humane care.Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients,the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper,who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.If good people do nothing there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is________.A:cruel but naturalB:inhuman and unacceptableC:inevitable but viciousD:pointless and wasteful
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Are You a Successful Leader?1 Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation.At work or at play,you'll find yourself in groups,working with other people:your team at work,a meeting with colleagues,your family,a holiday with friends,a group of students working together,a day out walking in the mountains,a group of neighbours want- ing to make changes.It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success,partly because we need to do it so often.2 In almost every situation where you're in a group,you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders.Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated.Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved.There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.3 Some people are natural leaders.The celebrity chef,Antonio Carluccio says,"True leaders are born and you can spot them in kitchens."They're people who combine toughness,fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders,most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught.Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy,controlling way.You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.4 Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Seff-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader.Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent.They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgements under pressure.Lastly,and probably most importantly,good leaders need to be sensi- tive,sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people.Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.One of the major keys to success is________.A:the ability to work with othersB:encouraging group membersC:lack of good leadersD:bossing people aroundE:working out good strategiesF: overcoming fears about being a leader
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Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psy- chologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believesthat all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelli- gences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelli- gences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathe- matical , spatial , musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A:People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.B:Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.C:Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D:Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.
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Approaches to Understanding Intelligences It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psy- chologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believesthat all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelli- gences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelli- gences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathe- matical , spatial , musical , interpersonal , intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic.Gardner thinks that his theory has a______.A:biological foundationB:musical foundationC:intrapersonal foundationD:linguistic foundation
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Changes in MuseumsMuseums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.In America today,all science museums are open to the public and free.A:Right B:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Changes in MuseumsMuseums have changed.They are no longer places that one"should"visit;they are places to enjoy and learn.At a science museum in Ontario,Canada,you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body.At the Metropolitan（大城市的）Museum of Art in New York City , you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music.At New York's American Museum of Natural History recently,you can help make a bone-by- bone reproduction of the museum's dinosaur（恐 龙）,a beast that lived 200 million years ago.More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing.In many science museums,for example,there are no guided tours.The visitor is encouraged to touch,listen,operate,and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science.The theory is that people who do not understand science will probably fear it,and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage.One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time.Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population.Many of these young people are college students or college graduates.Leon F.Twiggs,a young black professor of art once said,"They see things in a new and different way.They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate（参加）in."The same is true of science and history.People can afford to get into the modern museums since they have more time now.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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Which of the following should be completed NEXT, after testing the theory of probable cause?（）A、Verify full system functionalityB、Implement preventative measuresC、Establish a plan of action to resolve the problemD、Implement the solution to the problem
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填空题Some people do believe that smoking will (certain) ____ cause lung cancer.
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