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共用题干
第一篇
Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart Problems
Shift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.
An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift
work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an
increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.
Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.
The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359
coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by
lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.
The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24%
increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked
to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems
were"modest".
Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers
were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have
a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like
obesity and cholesterol,"he said.
The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such
as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what
symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.
Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and
Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and
digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can
affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect
on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed.
"Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a
minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help
people to cope with shift work."
第一篇
Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart Problems
Shift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.
An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift
work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an
increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.
Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.
The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359
coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by
lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.
The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24%
increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked
to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems
were"modest".
Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers
were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have
a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like
obesity and cholesterol,"he said.
The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such
as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what
symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.
Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and
Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and
digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can
affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect
on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed.
"Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a
minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help
people to cope with shift work."
From Paragraph Six it can be inferred that_________.
A:shift workers have no good food to eat
B:shift workers don't know how to define rest period
C:a worker of high cholesterol level is likely to suffer more from shift work
D:shift workers have no place to sleep comfortably
A:shift workers have no good food to eat
B:shift workers don't know how to define rest period
C:a worker of high cholesterol level is likely to suffer more from shift work
D:shift workers have no place to sleep comfortably
参考答案
参考解析
解析：由文章第一段的内容可知，进行轮班工作的人心脏病发作和中风的几率比仅在白天工作的人稍微高点，并非很多，故A为正确答案。
prevent的意思为“防止，阻止······的发生”;control的意思为“控制”;cut off的意思为 “中断，终止”;throw into disorder的意思为“扰乱······，使不正常”。disrupt的意思为“扰乱”, 和throw into disorder的意思接近。故D为正确答案。
由文章第八段的第二句“It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion, reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants, as well as social and domestic problems.”可知，A、B、C三项都是进行 轮班工作的坏处，故选D。
由第六段的最后一句中“They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol”可知，夜班工作对肥胖和胆固醇疾病不利，也就是说， 有此两种疾病的人不适合进行轮班工作。其余各项都没能正确理解原文的意思。
通读文章可知，本篇文章主要是针对轮班工作者的健康问题进行了专门的探讨，这篇 文章最可能出现在健康杂志上，故B为正确答案。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了大量发展中国家的艾滋病患者由于没有得治疗而死去的事情。文章指 出应加强对艾滋病患者的救治，并提出了三种具体的救治办法。
prevent的意思为“防止，阻止······的发生”;control的意思为“控制”;cut off的意思为 “中断，终止”;throw into disorder的意思为“扰乱······，使不正常”。disrupt的意思为“扰乱”, 和throw into disorder的意思接近。故D为正确答案。
由文章第八段的第二句“It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion, reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants, as well as social and domestic problems.”可知，A、B、C三项都是进行 轮班工作的坏处，故选D。
由第六段的最后一句中“They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol”可知，夜班工作对肥胖和胆固醇疾病不利，也就是说， 有此两种疾病的人不适合进行轮班工作。其余各项都没能正确理解原文的意思。
通读文章可知，本篇文章主要是针对轮班工作者的健康问题进行了专门的探讨，这篇 文章最可能出现在健康杂志上，故B为正确答案。第二篇 本篇文章主要讲述了大量发展中国家的艾滋病患者由于没有得治疗而死去的事情。文章指 出应加强对艾滋病患者的救治，并提出了三种具体的救治办法。
更多 “共用题干 第一篇Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart ProblemsShift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359 coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24% increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems were"modest".Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol,"he said.The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed."Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help people to cope with shift work."From Paragraph Six it can be inferred that_________.A:shift workers have no good food to eatB:shift workers don't know how to define rest periodC:a worker of high cholesterol level is likely to suffer more from shift workD:shift workers have no place to sleep comfortably” 相关考题
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According to a recent ( ), in Shanghai alone there are more than 2.5 million migrant workers.
A. researchB. pollC. surveyD. investment
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Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. The main purpose of the passage is to______.A:introduce that most adults in US adults have low risk of heart diseaseB:give treatment measures to reduce the risk of developing heart disease for US adultsC:describe the research made by the Centers for Disease Control and PreventionD:warn people that they should pay attention to the threat of heart disease immediately
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.If a person has a high level of NT-proBNP_________.A: where fewer pepole die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke C:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women. Paragraph 3 ________A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiscaseE: How to Control the Levels of NT- proBNPF: Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
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U.S.Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high blood pressure,heart attacks and strokes,government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U.S.adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day,yet most consume close to 3,500 mg per day.“It's important for people to eat less salt.People who adopt a heart-healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium and rich in potassium and calcium can improve their blood pressure,”Dr.Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in a statement."People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake,"Labarthe said.The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40-which are considered highrisk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005-2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged,processed and restaurant foods.The CDC said it will join other agencies in the Health and Human Services department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide,16 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke.Cutting salt consumption can reduce these risks,the CDC said.Too much salt raises one's risk for______.A:high blood pressure B:heart attacksC:strokes D:all of the above
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.According to some researchers,by measuring the levels of NT-proBNP in the blood people may know______.A:where fewer people die from heart problemB:whether they have the risk of heart attack,heart failure or strokeC:would probably have lower rates of heart diseaseD:how to test a person's NT-proBNP level in the blood by himselfE:his heart muscle would be under pressure in some wayF:that napping is of great benefit to women too
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共用题干
Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. Strategies to shift the overall population risk downward include______.A:losing weightB:eat less and exercise moreC:adding more vitamins in your dietD:aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies
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共用题干
Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.Paragraph 5______A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiseaseE:How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNPF:Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
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Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. What's the percentage that 15%of the U.S.adults had a risk of developing heart disease in the next 1 0 years?A: About 3%.B:Less than 10%.C: Between10%～20%.D: Above 20%.
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第一篇U. S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high blood pressure,heart attacks and strokes,government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U.S.adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day,yet most consume close to 3,500 mg per day."It's important for people to eat less salt.People who adopt a heart一healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium（钠）and rich in potassium（钾）and calcium（钙）can improve their blood pressure,"Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)said in a statement."People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake （摄入量）,"Labarthe said.The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40一who are considered as high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005- 2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged,processed and restaurant foods.The CDC said it will ioin other agencies in the Health and Human Services Department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide,1 6 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke.Cutting salt conoumption can reduce theoe risks，the CDC said.The recommended sodium intake for most U.S.adults is_________.A:close to 3,500 mg per dayB:as much as 3,436 mg per dayC:no more than l,500 mg per dayD:less than 3,500 mg per day
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Most Adults in U.S.Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of U .S.adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart dis- ease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiolo-gy（心脏病学）.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent.“I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary（心脏冠状动脉的）heart disease is distributed in the U. S. population ,” lead（带头的）author Dr. Earl S. Ford , from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age , who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition（营养的供给）Examination Sur- vey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent,The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity（种族划分）had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have a high or immediate risk,Dr. Daniel S .Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medi- cal Center in Los Angeles,and Dr. Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add.Which of the following statements is NOT right?A:The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most U.S.adult.B: Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.C: Women have a higher risk of heart disease than man.D: The distribution of the risk of heart disease are hardly related to race.
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Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. The findings in the report are based on______.A:the study of physicians,researchers and health policy analystsB:analysis of data from 13,769 subjectsC:the data from all US adultsD:Dr.Daniel S.Berman and Dr.Nathan D.Wong
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP. Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heartdisease patient should affect that person’s treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in theJournal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelatedstudy earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children. But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in theUnited States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not takenaps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the researchsuggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.Paragraph 2 _________A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiscaseE: How to Control the Levels of NT- proBNPF: Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
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Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. What's the proportion of US adults who have a risk of 10%～20%to develop heart disease? A:More than 80 percent. B:3 percent.C:15 percent. D:20 percent.
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Most Adults in US Have Low Risk of Heart DiseaseMore than 80 percent of US adults have a less than 10-percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years,according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent."I hope that these numbers will give physicians,researchers,health policy analysts,and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population,"lead author Dr.Earl S.Ford,from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta,said in a statement.The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects,between 20 and 79 years of age,who narticipated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994.Overall,82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent,15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent,and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent.The proportion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age,and men were more likely than women to be in this group.By contrast,race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions.Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease,a large proportion have ahigh or immediate risk,Dr.Daniel S.Berman,from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles,and Dr.Nathan D.Wong,from the University of California at Irvine,note in a related editorial.Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall population risk downward,they add. According to the passage,which of the following may contribute to the risk of getting heart disease?A:Age. B:Ethnicity.C:Race. D:Citizenship.
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第一篇U. S. Eats Too Much SaltPeople in the United States consume more than twice the recommended amount of salt,raising their risk for high blood pressure,heart attacks and strokes,government health experts said on Thursday.They found nearly 70 percent of U.S.adults are in high-risk groups that would benefit from a lower-salt diet of no more than 1,500 mg per day,yet most consume close to 3,500 mg per day."It's important for people to eat less salt.People who adopt a heart一healthy eating pattern that includes a diet low in sodium（钠）and rich in potassium（钾）and calcium（钙）can improve their blood pressure,"Dr. Darwin Labarthe of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)said in a statement."People need to know their recommended daily sodium limit and take action to reduce sodium intake （摄入量）,"Labarthe said.The study in CDC's weekly report on death and disease used national survey data to show that two out of three adults should be consuming no more than 1,500 mg of sodium per day because they are black or over the age of 40一who are considered as high-risk groups.Yet studies show most people in the United States eat 3,436 mg of sodium per day,according to a 2005- 2006 CDC estimate.Most of the sodium eaten comes from packaged,processed and restaurant foods.The CDC said it will ioin other agencies in the Health and Human Services Department in working with major food manufacturers and chain restaurants to reduce sodium levels in the food supply.Nationwide,1 6 million men and women have heart disease and 5.8 million are estimated to have had a stroke.Cutting salt conoumption can reduce theoe risks，the CDC said.A heart-healthy diet is one that contain_________.A:a low level of sodiumB:a lot of potassium and calciumC:no salt at allD:hoth A and B
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Napping to a Healthier Heart?1 Researchers say they have developed a simple test that can tell if a person with heart disease is likely to suffer a heart attack.The test measures levels of a protein in the blood.The researchers say people with high levels of this protein are at high risk of heart attack,heart failure or stroke.2 Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo of the University of California in San Francisco led the team.For about four years,they studied almost one thousand patients with heart disease.The researchers tested the heart disease patients for a protein called NT-proBNP.Patients with the highest levels were nearly eight times more likely than those with the lowest levels to have a heart attack,heart failure or stroke.3 The researchers say the presence of high levels of the protein in the blood shows that the heart muscle is under pressure in some way.The study involved mostly men,so the researchers could not say for sure that the results are also true for women.They say the patients with the highest levels of NT-proBNP were older and had other problems like diabetes or high blood pressure.4 Other researchers say more studies are needed to confirm if knowing the protein levels of a heart disease patient should affect that person's treatment.They also would like to know if more aggressive treatment could reduce the patient's chance of a heart attack or stroke.The study appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association.5 Could a little sleep during the middle of the day reduce the risk of a heart attack?An unrelated study earlier this month in the Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that the answer may be yes.In countries like the United States,afternoon naps are mostly for children.But they are common for adults in Mediterranean countries.And these countries generally have lower rates of heart disease.So scientists in the United States and Greece wondered if naps could play a part.Twenty-three thousand healthy adults took part in the study by Harvard University and the University of Athens.Those who took thirty-minute naps three times a week had a thirty-seven percent lower risk of death from heart problems than people who did not take naps.6 The researchers say napping may improve heart health by reducing stress.They say the research suggests that naps are especially good for working men.But they say not enough female subjects died during the study to judge the benefits for women.Paragraph 2______A:More Questions to Be AskedB:Older Males Have Higher Levels of NT-proBNPC:Development of a Simple But Important TestD:Evidence of Positive Relationship Between Napping and Heart DiseaseE:How to Control the Levels of NT-proBNPF:Effects of NT-proBNP on Heart Disease
考题
More than 6.55 million workers are ( ) in the manufacturing industry, according to government data.
A. employed
B. employer
C. employing
D. employment
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共用题干World Heart Day
Sunday was World Heart Day.The World Heart Federation and its member groups in
more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations.The World Health
Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the__________(1).
World Heart Day was first observed six years________(2).Organizers proposed
the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease.The World Heart Federation
says heart_________(3)kills seventeen million people each year.
The group urges people to be active and have a good,healthy diet.It also warns
_________(4)activities known to increase a persons risk of heart attack or stroke.
Some of the warnings are directed at children.The World Heart Federation says about
twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese-severely overweight.
Children are normally energetic and active.________(5),two thirds of all
children are not active enough.Such children greatly__________(6)their risk of
becoming obese.They also increase their_________(7)of developing heart disease or
other disorders.
One message of World Heart Day is to eat right.Children__________(8)eat a
healthy and balanced diet.Also,limit sugary drinks,sweets and eating between meals.
The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children__________(9).It
says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and_______(10)a child
healthy.Obese children often become obese adults.________(11)you believe your
child is too heavy,talk with a health care provider.
The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young
people.It says the younger someone begins to smoke,the_________(12)the chance
of a health problem tied to smoking.Half of the young people who continue to smoke are
________(13)to die later in life from a smoking-related disease.
The group says almost half of all children live with a smoker. It says children who live
with a_________(14)can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two
thousand cigarettes.And that is by the time they are five years old.
The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be
______(15)by tobacco companies.And it says parents who smoke should try to stop._________(7) A:mood B: desire C:age D: risk
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第一篇Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart ProblemsShift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359 coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24% increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems were"modest".Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol,"he said.The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed."Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help people to cope with shift work."Where can we probably see this article?A:On an issue of newspaper. B:On a magazine on health.C:On a textbook.D:On a sports magazine.
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第一篇Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart ProblemsShift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359 coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24% increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems were"modest".Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol,"he said.The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed."Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help people to cope with shift work."According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?A:Shift workers are in great danger of having a heart attack than day workers.B:Shift workers with obesity and cholesterol should not work on too many night shifts.C:It's good for workers if they can limit shifts to a maximum of 1 2 hours.D:Shift work can in some ways change the way people live their normal life.
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第一篇Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart ProblemsShift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359 coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24% increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems were"modest".Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol,"he said.The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed."Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help people to cope with shift work."The following are complex issues resulting from shift work except__________.A:disturbed appetite and digestionB:dependence on sedatives and/or stimulantsC:problems related to social and family communicationD:stomach cancer
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第一篇Shift Work Link to Increased Risk of Heart ProblemsShift workers are slightly more at risk of having a heart attack or stroke than day workers,research suggests.An analysis of studies involving more than 2 million workers in the British Medical Journal said shift work can disrupt the body clock and have a negative effect on lifestyle.It has previously been linked to an increased risk of high blood pressure and diabetes.Limiting night shifts would help workers cope,experts said.The team of researchers from Canada and Norway analyzed 34 studies.In total,there were 17,359 coronary events of some kind,including cardiac arrests,6,598 heart attacks and 1,854 strokes caused by lack of blood to the brain.These events were more common in shift workers than in other people.The BMJ study calculated that shift work was linked to a 23%increased risk of heart attack,24% increased risk of coronary event and 5%increased risk of stroke.But they also said shift work was not linked to increased mortality rates from heart problems and that the relative risks associated with heart problems were"modest".Dan Hackam,associate professor at Western University,London, Ontario in Canada,said shift workers were more prone to sleeping and eating badly."Night shift workers are up all the time and they don't have a defined rest period.They are in a state of perpetual nervous system activation which is bad for things like obesity and cholesterol,"he said.The authors say that screening programs could help identify and treat risk factors for shift workers,such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.They add that shift workers could also be educated about what symptoms to look out for,which might indicate early heart problems.Jane White,research and information services manager at the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health,said there were complex issues surrounding shift work."It can result in disturbed appetite and digestion,reliance on sedatives and/or stimulants,as well as social and domestic problems."These can affect performance,increase the likelihood of errors and accidents at work,and even have a negative effect on health.She said the effects of shift work needed to be well managed."Avoiding permanent night shifts,limiting shifts to a maximum of 12 hours and ensuring workers have a minimum of two full nights'sleep between day and night shifts are simple,practical solutions that can help people to cope with shift work."The underlined word"disrupt"in Paragraph Two can be replaced by_______.A:preventB:controlC:cut offD:throw into disorder
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问答题Many have come to believe that Type A's are at a much higher risk of suffering heart attack or dying of heart disease than others.
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问答题Practice 1 Healthy people with stressful jobs who work long hours but get little satisfaction from what they do have twice the risk of dying from heart disease as satisfied employees, according to a study. Job stress has been known to trigger heart problems in people who already have cardiovascular disease. Now Finnish scientists have now shown that even in healthy people the pressures of work can take their toll. Obesity, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking and being overweight contribute to heart disease — a leading killer in many industrialized countries. But Mika Kivimaki, of the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, and his colleagues, who studied the medical histories of 812 healthy Finnish men and women in a metal industry company over 25 years, said job stress also plays an important role. Workers who had the highest job-related stress levels at the start of the study were more than twice as likely to die of heart disease, according to the study published in The British Medical Journal. Work stress involves too much work as well as a lack of satisfaction and feeling undervalued and unappreciated. Many people work long hours but if the effort is rewarding the stress is minimized. Kivimaki said job pressure is damaging when being overworked is combined with little or no control, unfair supervision and few career opportunities. The British Heart Foundation said the results support earlier research showing that people in jobs with low control, such as manual workers, could be at greater risk of heart disease than other employees. "It is advisable for people to try to minimize levels of stress at work and for employers to allow people to have more control at work and to be rewarded for their successes," the foundation said in a statement.
考题
单选题After the age of 40 ______.A
most workers are tired of their present jobsB
many workers tend to stick their present jobsC
people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD
people still wish to hunt for more suitable jobs
考题
单选题It is implied in the passage that in the past _____.A
blue-collar workers worked harder than white-collar workersB
white-collar workers had little difficulty getting good jobsC
there were more white-collar workers than blue-collar workersD
colleges trained more skilled workers than now
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