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单选题
A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in _____.
A
reduction in the number of employees
B
improvement of working conditions
C
fewer disputes between labor and management
D
a rise in workers’ wages
参考答案
参考解析
解析：
细节推断题。文章末句说公司裁员追求低支出、高利润。A项与原文相符。
细节推断题。文章末句说公司裁员追求低支出、高利润。A项与原文相符。
更多 “单选题A company’s efforts to keep expenses low and profits high may result in _____.A reduction in the number of employeesB improvement of working conditionsC fewer disputes between labor and managementD a rise in workers’ wages” 相关考题
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The school which blames globalization thinks ______.A．trade influences middling wages positivelyB．the labor market becomes more denseC．technology decreases workers' wages at onceD．the reason of capital's rewards outpacing those of labor is uncertain
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Passage OneIn the late 1860's, industry in America grew rapidly. More factories meant more jobs. But working conditions were dangerous. Employees were forced to work as many as 16 hours a day in hot, dirty rooms. Children often worked alongside adults. Wages were usually very low.Workers tried to improve conditions by forming unions. One of the first important unions was the Knights of Labor, formed in 1869. Blacks and women were welcomed as members. The Knights of Labor wanted an 8-hour workday, higher wages, and better working conditions. The union called for an end to the employment of children under age 14.Together with other unions, the Knights of Labor tried to make changes through collective bargaining. Union leaders would meet with employers and talk. When collective bargaining failed, the unions resorted to strikes. When some strikes that the unions held turned violent, public opinion turned against them. Many members left the Knights of Labor, and by 1890 the union had died out.But other unions survived. The AF of L, American Federation of Labor, was formed in 1881. It continued to push for the goals set by the Knights of Labor. However, most federal laws protecting workers and outlawing child labor were not passed until the 1930's.31. According to the passage, the Knights of Labor wanted all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. an 8-hour workdayB. higher wagesC. improving working conditions in the factoriesD. an increase in the employment of small children
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18 Which of the following statements about accounting ratios and their interpretation are correct?1 A low-geared company is more able to survive a downturn in profit than a highly-geared company.2 If a company has a high price earnings ratio, this will often indicate that the market expects its profits to rise.3 All companies should try to achieve a current ratio (current assets/current liabilities) of 2:1.A 2 and 3 onlyB 1 and 3 onlyC 1 and 2 onlyD All three statements are correct
考题
4 (a) A company may choose to finance its activities mainly by equity capital, with low borrowings (low gearing) or byrelying on high borrowings with relatively low equity capital (high gearing).Required:Explain why a highly geared company is generally more risky from an investor’s point of view than a companywith low gearing. (3 marks)
考题
Passage FourWomen earn less than men do. For example, in 1998 the hourly wages of women in the U. S. were 26% less than those of men.The gap between male and female incomes varies with age. The gap between the labor incomes of young women and young menvaries. It's also clear that jobs in which women are concentrated pay less. The larger the number of workers who are women in ranindustry, the lower the average wages.Why do women earn less than men do? Can the differences be explained by the fact that women are lookeddown upon? If so, the government has to intervene(干预), to force the employers to pay equal wages to equal jobs. However, there is no agreement among economists about the causes ofthe gap. One view argues that women, on the average, have chosen low-paying jobs in which workers enjoy the freedom of entering and leaving the labor force, which reduces their years of experience relativeto men. Other people say the gap can also be explained by the difference in educational background.Much of the gap, however, has not been fully explained. It might be the result of some prejudice (偏见) against women. It is this part that has produced calls for government action. What would happen if the government did intervene toincrease the wages paid to women? One possibility is that incomes for women as a group might actually decline (下降). An increase in wage decreases the quantity of labor imput demanded, resulting in decreased employment as the rate of hiring newworkers declines. The result will be a surplus 过剩) of labor. Those who can find jobs might be better off while those who had jobsmight find themselves out of work.48. Some economists believe women earn less than men partly because______.A. there are more than enough women in the labor forceB. women have more freedom in selecting jobsC. women are only provided with low-paid jobsD. women are less experienced than men
考题
It can be inferred from the passage that early historians of women’s labor in the United States paid little attention to women’s employment in the service sector of the economy because________．A．fewer women found employment in the service sector than in factory workB．the wages paid to workers in the service sector were much lower than those paid in the industrial sectorC．women’s employment in the service sector tended to be much more short—term than in factory workD．employment in the service sector seemed to have much in common with the unpaid work associated with homemaking
考题
Rising wages -- together with currency fluctuations and high fuel costs -- are eating away the once-formidable"China price" advantage, prompting thousands of factory owners to flee the Pearl River Delta. Much has been written about the more than doubling of wages at the Shenzhen factory of Foxconn, the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer, which produces Apple iPhones and iPads and employs 920,000 people in China alone."One can talk about a world pre- and post- Foxconn," says Victor Fung, chairman of Li & Fung, the world's biggest sourcing company and a supplier of Wal-Mart. "Foxconn is as important as that."
Foxconn's wage increases are only the most dramatic. Our analysis suggests that, since February, minimum wages have climbed more than 20 percent in 20 Chinese regions and up to 30 percent in some, including Sichuan. At a Guangdong Province factory supplying Honda, wages have risen an astonishing 47 percent. All this is bad news for companies operating in the world's manufacturing hub, and chief executives should assume that double-digit annual rises -- if not on the scale witnessed this year -- are here to stay.
Looked at another way, however, wage inflation provides companies with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to rethink radically the way they approach global production -- and they should do so sooner rather than later.
Why the urgency? After all, wage hikes in China are nothing new. Since 1990, they have risen by an average of 13 percent a year in U.S. dollar terms and 19 percent annually in the past five years.
There are two big reasons the situation is different now. The first has to do with productivity.
Over the past 20 years, productivity increases have broadly matched wage increase, negating their impact. The pay rises came from a very low base, so while average wages grew 19 percent a year from 2005 to 2010, this amounted to only ￥260 a month per employee, a sum that could be offset by more efficient production or switching to cheaper sources of parts and materials.
If labor costs continue, however, to increase at 19 percent a year for another five years,monthly wages would grew ￥623 per month, according to BCG estimates. Such an increase would ripple through the economy in the form of higher prices for components, business services, cargo-handling and office staff.
The second reason relates to societal change. Until now, if has been easy to lure a seemingly unlimited number of young, low-wage workers to the richer coastal regions and house them cheaply in dormitories until they saved enough to return home to their families in the interior provinces. In the future, though, young workers will be harder to recruit. This is partly because there will be fewer of them: Largely because of the country's one-child policy, the number of Chinese aged 15 to 29 will start declining in 2011. Moreover, with living standards rising across China, fewer of today's rural youth will want to go to coastal regions to toil for 60 hours a week on an assembly line and live in a cramped dormitory.
So what can CEOs do in this fast-changing environment? An instinctive reaction is to search for cheaper labor elsewhere. But this is short-sighted and would provide -- at best -- a short-term fix. Another option is to stay in China and try to squeeze out greater productivity gains.
Which of the following would be the best title for text? （ ）A.Rising Cost, A Pain in the Neck
B.The Irreversible Wage inflation
C.To Rethink Global Production Plans
D.As Wages Rise, Time to Leave China
考题
Rising wages -- together with currency fluctuations and high fuel costs -- are eating away the once-formidable"China price" advantage, prompting thousands of factory owners to flee the Pearl River Delta. Much has been written about the more than doubling of wages at the Shenzhen factory of Foxconn, the world's largest electronics contract manufacturer, which produces Apple iPhones and iPads and employs 920,000 people in China alone."One can talk about a world pre- and post- Foxconn," says Victor Fung, chairman of Li & Fung, the world's biggest sourcing company and a supplier of Wal-Mart. "Foxconn is as important as that."
Foxconn's wage increases are only the most dramatic. Our analysis suggests that, since February, minimum wages have climbed more than 20 percent in 20 Chinese regions and up to 30 percent in some, including Sichuan. At a Guangdong Province factory supplying Honda, wages have risen an astonishing 47 percent. All this is bad news for companies operating in the world's manufacturing hub, and chief executives should assume that double-digit annual rises -- if not on the scale witnessed this year -- are here to stay.
Looked at another way, however, wage inflation provides companies with a once-in-a-generation opportunity to rethink radically the way they approach global production -- and they should do so sooner rather than later.
Why the urgency? After all, wage hikes in China are nothing new. Since 1990, they have risen by an average of 13 percent a year in U.S. dollar terms and 19 percent annually in the past five years.
There are two big reasons the situation is different now. The first has to do with productivity.
Over the past 20 years, productivity increases have broadly matched wage increase, negating their impact. The pay rises came from a very low base, so while average wages grew 19 percent a year from 2005 to 2010, this amounted to only ￥260 a month per employee, a sum that could be offset by more efficient production or switching to cheaper sources of parts and materials.
If labor costs continue, however, to increase at 19 percent a year for another five years,monthly wages would grew ￥623 per month, according to BCG estimates. Such an increase would ripple through the economy in the form of higher prices for components, business services, cargo-handling and office staff.
The second reason relates to societal change. Until now, if has been easy to lure a seemingly unlimited number of young, low-wage workers to the richer coastal regions and house them cheaply in dormitories until they saved enough to return home to their families in the interior provinces. In the future, though, young workers will be harder to recruit. This is partly because there will be fewer of them: Largely because of the country's one-child policy, the number of Chinese aged 15 to 29 will start declining in 2011. Moreover, with living standards rising across China, fewer of today's rural youth will want to go to coastal regions to toil for 60 hours a week on an assembly line and live in a cramped dormitory.
So what can CEOs do in this fast-changing environment? An instinctive reaction is to search for cheaper labor elsewhere. But this is short-sighted and would provide -- at best -- a short-term fix. Another option is to stay in China and try to squeeze out greater productivity gains.
The reasons why young worker will be harder to recruit exclude（ ）.A.China's one-child policy
B.the fact that fewer rural youth want to go to coastal cities
C.surging living standards
D.the declining number of China's youth
考题
资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.
According to the passage， HR is required to carry out all the following jobs EXCEPT?A.Ensure a sound working environment for employees.
B.Represent management in negotiation and policy implementation
C.Help achieve business goals and profit boost
D.Hire promising new employees for the sake of the company.
考题
资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.
What does “wearing many hats” in paragraph l， line l-2 most probably mean?A.to act smoothly and tactfully
B.to take on much responsibility
C.to be faced with many choices
D.to pay attention to clothing
考题
资料：“Our cars are for people who want something different.”
This has been the slogan for over 50 years of Suprema Cars, a manufacturer of an English sports car. The car is mostly handmade in the company's factory in northern England. Suprema Car produces approximately 500 cars a year. About 5 years ago, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss.
Recently, there have been problems with the labor force. The factory workers have demand higher wages and better working conditions. They are also unhappy because the management is insisting that they increase production, but the workers think this will have a bad effect on the quality of the cars.
The company still has many loyal customers. People buy Suprema sports cars because they are handmade and have an image of quality and craftsmanship.
Which of the following is NOT a problem that Suprema Cars is facing?
A.Customers’ distrust of products.
B.A financial loss.
C.Unhappy workers.
D.Loss on sales and market share.
考题
资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.
According to the passage， what is the suggested way to start one’s HR career?A.To specialize in a specific industry.
B.To strengthen the understanding of business strategy and planning
C.To find an internship or an assistant job.
D.Both A and B.
考题
资料：Human resource professionals act as mediators between an organization's management and its workers. This requires wearing many hats It's an HR administrator's job to make sure that employees are working in a safe environment that disputes are settled， and that benefits are understood and administered properly. At the same time， HR is charged with recruiting new employees who will not only fit in personally and professionally but also help the company achieve its business goals. They also represent management when negotiating for benefits with companies administering these benefits and when implementing companywide policies that will ultimately lower costs or boost profits. The needs of HR cover a wide range of tasks and，therefore， require individuals who are good with people in addition to being organized， analytical， business-minded， and heroic multitaskers.
All companies need some kind of HR support The Bureau of Labor Statistics（BLS） expects jobs in HR to grow faster than average for all occupations through 2012. Opportunities will increase as a result of a growing economy as well as a need to replace workers transferring to other occupations or retiring. BLS expects particularly strong demand for training and development and employment， recruitment， and placement specialists， with management， consulting， and employment services firms offering the greatest number of opportunities， thanks to a trend toward outsourcing personnel functions.
You can get the inside edge for a career in HR by strengthening your understanding of business strategy and planning and by specializing in a specific industry. A great way to get started in the field is with practice， look for an internship or an HR assistant job if you're in school or just out. Many HR professionals work their way up. As you develop an understanding of the various career tracks and master the basic skills within the function， you'll be in a great position to rise up the ladder.
In paragraph 2， why does BLS expect particularly strong demand for certain HR specialists?
A.Because the economy as a whole is growing nowadays.
B.Because job opportunities in HR grow faster than the average.
C.Because transferred or retired workers need to be replaced in time.
D.Because companies begin to recruit HR functions from the outside.
考题
共用题干
A Pay Rise or Not?“Unless I get a rise.I'11 have a talk with the boss, Henry Manley,”George Strong said to himself. George liked his job and he liked the town he lived in,but his wife kept telling him that his pay was not enough to meet the needs of the family.That was why he was thinking of taking a job in Birmingham,a nearby city about 50 miles away.He had been offered a job in a factory there,and the pay was far better.George lived in Wyeford,a medium-sized town .He really liked the place and didn't like the idea of moving somewhere else,but if he took the job in Birmingham,he would have to move his family there.Henry Manley was the manager of a small company manufacturing electric motors.The corn-pany was in deep trouble because,among other reasons,the Japanese were selling such things at very low prices. As a result,Manley had to cut his own prices and profits as well. Otherwise he would not get any orders at all .Even then,orders were still not coming in fast enough,so that there was no money for raises（加工资）for his workers. Somehow ,he had to struggle along and keep his best workers as well.He sighed.Just then the phone rang.His secretary told him that George Strong wanted to see him as soon as possible.Manley sighed again.He could guess what it was about.George Strong was a very young engineer. The company had no future unless it could attract and keep men like him.Manley rubbed his forehead （前额）;his problems seemed endless. Henry Manley's company was making enough profits to raise the workers' wages.A:.RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This isparticularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.According to the passage,what happened between 1980 and 1985?A:Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.B:Workers did not make necessary concessions.C:About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.D:Many companies were closed because of strikes.
考题
共用题干
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考题
共用题干
The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This isparticularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.In recent years,many management specialists have been arguing that workers______.A:are no longer sellers of the productsB:are less affected by company decisions than beforeC:are able to make final decisions for the companyD:should have a say in management of the company
考题
共用题干
The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This isparticularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.If not given a voice in managerial decision making,workers______.A:may lack the incentive to increase their productivityB:cannot get a share in the company's profitsC:can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivityD:will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant
考题
共用题干
The Worker 's Role in ManagementTraditionally,it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought of consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled（被迫的）to obtain the workers ' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most,companies have provided"suggestion boxes"in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years,however,many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management.Furthermore,major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This isparticularly true of plant closings,which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers, then,play a stronger role in management?Workers should have a role in management.At the very least,the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions(A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions).Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs（失业）,often with no warning.At least 90 days'notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant,because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow,they will help to make improvements,their morale will rise,and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive,they must be given a share in the company's profits.This can be done through employee stock-ownership plans,bonuses,or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally,when a plant can no longer operate at a profit,the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.The word"rank-and-file" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______.A:seniorB:ordinaryC:intelligentD:capable
考题
单选题If the operating element of a thermostatic valve installed in a diesel engine cooling system malfunctions, it may result in （）A
a low level in the engine expansion tankB
excessively high coolant pressureC
improper temperaturesD
malfunctioning of the jacket water heater
考题
单选题The author’s attitude towards “Diasporas” is that _____.A
There is increasing hostility towards immigrants in rich countries.B
Immigrant networks are a rare bright spark in the world economy and rich countries should welcome them.C
The Diasporas should return to their homelands so that poor countries will not suffer as a result of “brain drain”.D
Hard-working immigrants will depress the wages of the locals although they may greatly increase productivity.
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单选题If the firing pressures in a diesel engine are high, although the exhaust temperatures are normal, the cause may be（）A
early injection timingB
worn orifices in the injection nozzlesC
worn or scored cylinder linersD
using a fuel with too low of a cetane number
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单选题The height of tide is the （）.A
depth of water at a specific time due to tidal effectB
difference between the depth of the water and the area's tidal datumC
difference between the depth of the water and the high water tidal levelD
difference between the depth of the water at high tide and the depth of the water at low tide
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问答题Passage 5Eliminating Sweatshops at Nike; Just Do It! Over the past decade, Nike has been one of the most profitable companies in the United States. However, at a time when the company’s spokesperson, Michael Jordan, was bringing in over $10 million, the young, mostly women workers in its Indonesian plants were taking home only $ 2.23 a day. (31)______, working conditions in Nike’s Serang plant, 50 miles west of Jakarta, were far from ideal. Hundreds of workers, some children, were crowded into vast sheds where they glued, stitched, pressed, and boxed 70 million pairs of (32)______a year. Collusion between local management and government made organizing workers into unions both difficult and dangerous, and the high level of unemployment left workers powerless. Taken together, these labor practices helped keep cost so low and quality so high that a pair of running shoes that (33)______ for $ 75 retail in the United States cost just $18.25 to manufacture. With this type of cost and price structure, it is easy to see how Nike became so profitable. However, the ability to sustain these practices became an issue in 1996 when the U.S. media exposed these sweatshop conditions. As consumers became increasingly aware of (34)______ their sneakers were actually being made, some felt guilty, and human rights groups went so far (35)______ to organize boycotts of Nike products. Given the damage to Nike’s image and future profitability, something had to be done. At first, Nike CEO Phillip Knight defended his operations, noting that Nike pays its workers no (36)______ than its rivals do and that these workers make more than minimum wage in the host countries. Critics countered that the level of pay was (37)______ the subsistence level and much lower than what is paid by other U.S. companies such as Coco-Cola, Gillette, and Good-year. To end this image problem (38)______ and for all, on May 12,1998, Knight pledged to (a) raise the minimum worker age requirement, (b) adopt U. S.-style safety and health standards, and (c) allow human rights groups to help monitor working conditions in all foreign plants. He again showed his commitment to reform six months later (39)______ raising wages 22 percent to offset the currency devaluation that rocked Indonesia in the fall of 1998. Knight used both occasions to challenge his competitors to do the same, realizing that their failure to do so would put Nike at a competitive disadvantage. Although it is currently unclear how these (40)______ will respond, it is obvious that Nike is at least trying to establish its image as a trend setter in both footwear and working conditions in international locations.
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问答题Marisa’s senior thesis argued that workers in border nations struggle because his or her wages barely keep pace with A B Cthe rising cost of living.No error D E
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问答题Minimum wage is the lowest amount that employers can legally pay their workers per hour of labor. The first minimum wage law was passed in New Zealand in 1894. Since then, many other nations have adopted similar policies. In China, different provinces or cities have different minimum wages for their working citizens. These rates are not established randomly. In fact, they are the result of much research in economics, standard of living and inflation. Labor supply and the effects of unemployment are also considered when establishing a minimum wage. Some people support the policy of minimum wage, while others are against it. The following are opinions from both sides on this issue. Read the excerpts carefully and write your response in about 300 words, in which you should: 1. summarize briefly the opinions from both sides, and then 2. give your comment. Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks. Many supporters of minimum wage say that it increases the standard of living and keeps people out of poverty. Those who are opposed to it tend to believe that it increases unemployment and harms less skilled workers. Minimum wage laws are established and upheld with certain goals. Those who support the laws believe that these goals are being adequately achieved and that this alone is enough justification to keep the laws in place. Minimum wage was initially established to reduce poverty. Establishing a minimum wage in China insures that people are paid properly for their work. Minimum wage also protects younger workers and minorities from being paid less than others to some extent. Supporters also believe that minimum wage stimulates consumption and thus puts more money into the economy by allowing low paid workers to spend more. They also believe that it may increase the work ethic of those who are paid little and thus benefit employers. It also encourages people to join the work force, rather than seek illegal means of earning money. People who are opposed to the idea of minimum wage believe that it is not accomplishing the goals designed to meet. In several instances, employment has decreased more than the increase in wages and thereby overall earnings are still reduced. Businesses are sometimes forced to hire fewer employees because they have to pay minimum wages. Thus, fewer people have jobs. Studies also show that very few low-wage workers actually come from families in poverty. Thus, minimum wage is more often imposed on the newly employed with the first job than on people who would otherwise be unemployed. Other opponents believe that it can cause inflation as businesses have to raise prices to accommodate the higher wages. They also believe it discourages further education of the poor.
考题
单选题High firing pressures and a low exhaust temperature in a diesel engine may result from （）.A
decreased piston to cylinder head clearanceB
increased exhaust system back pressureC
early fuel injection timingD
low scavenge air temperature
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