判断题Scientists study the development of expertise in different areas so that their findings can help children in becoming experts in these and other areas.A 对B 错

考题 71Home can be a great place for children to study. It’s important to provide a workspace of their own where they can read books or just write a letter to their friends.● Location （位置）72 Kitchen and dining room are not so well suite for regular study. since books and pens get in the way of the day-to-day uses of those areas. Set up a place where a child can settle in and leave papers and pens at band without having to clear everything away each night. For a child that likes being alone, set aside a corner of his bedroom, but keep it separate from things like games, music and other hobbies not related to studying.● Keeping Things in OrderParents should encourage their child to spread out, but to leave it neat and orderly when he isn’t using his workspace. Ownership is very important for self-respect 73 The workplace should be personal, but not another part of the playroom.● __74___Encourage the whole family to help build a supportive environment that children need for success in school. Give them a good example of how to deal with problems, how to manage time and get things done in the right way. 75 Study will be more enjoyable and effective when supported by the whole familyA. Attitude Is Everything.B. Bring Organization into Your Home.C. Here are several ways to choose a location.D. Building a Good Home Learning Environment.E. Hold a can-do attitude and your child will follow your example.F. Setting up a space in a common area of your home can be a good idea for children.G. A child who learns to organize his spare will carry organization into every corner of his life.

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考题 "Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly CommonCryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant—may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. "Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered. " Says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. "It could be as high as 30%. " Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results. " Says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with. " Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?A．The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B．The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C．The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D．The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "

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考题 According to the passage, parents can help their children communicate by____.A showing their own interest in other childrenB encouraging their interest in other childrenC playing games with themD buying them more toys

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考题 Each student can have a terminal to use now, which can help them study.()

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考题 EXTENDED FAMILY In an extended family, all the people share one household. Apart from parents and children, there may be other family members grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. That is to say, a large family may have more than two generations, and often there are more than two adults from different generations of a family. The family members live together for many reasons. They may help to bring up children or to take care of an ill relative. They may also help with saving money. Sometimes children are brought up by their grandparents, for their parents have died or can never take care of them. Many grandparents look after the children,particularly when both parents are busy working. This large family is called extended family. It can be found all over the world. The number of these families has increased by 40 percent in the past ten years. Most of such families live happily together.1. In an extended family, people live in different houses.()2. An extend family includes at least three generations.()3.In an extended family, children are looked after by their grandparents because their parents are traveling around.()4. Extended families can be found all over the world.()5. Children can live happily with their parents and grandparents.()

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考题 Mastering a foreign language can help bridge the gap between different languages and cultures.() 此题为判断题(对，错)。

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考题 Dyslexia is a problem that restricts the ability to recognize words and connect sounds with letters when people read. People with this learning disorder may also have problems when they write. Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. The problem involves areas of the brain that process language. Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading to provide them with early help. John Gabrieli at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is leading the study of five-year-olds in about twenty schools in the Boston area.They studied in the schools with kindergartens. And for all the children joining in the study, they give them a brief set of paper-and-pencil tests to look at which children appear to be at some risk for struggling to read. So far, fifty of them have been examined in a scanner, a specialmachine, to show brain activity. Written tests are not always able to identify dyslexia or otherproblems, while brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems. And with reading problems, early identification is important. When it comes to helping children overcome reading difficulties, the younger the child, the more effective they are.Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade. The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less treatment can help. And, as Professor Gabrieli points out, poor reading can make education a struggle. Reading is everything. Even math and science have textbooks.While the children are given tasks related to reading, the brain scans measure the extent to which certain parts of the brain become active while the children do the work. The scientists say they are pleased with early results from the study, but have a long way to go.1.Dyslexia affects the part of brain concerning ________.A. eyesight B. intelligence C. language D. emotion2.Dyslexia problems are more likely to be identified through ________.A. speech contests B. reading efficiencyC. listening comprehension D. brain scans3.According to the passage, which of the followings has the best time to overcome reading difficulties?A. Tom, a boy in the kindergarten.B. Kate, a high school leaver.C. Jane, a primary school student.D. Steve, a man in his thirties.4.What is the passage mainly about?A. An effective way to identity Dyslexia at an early stage.B. A learning disorder involving one’s intelligence.C. Dyslexia — a problem affecting one’s reading and writing.D. A possible solution to the problems related to Dyslexia.

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考题 The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_______A． scientists have fails to predict the outcomesB． the ties between different areas need strengtheningC． united efforts are necessary for the development of scienceD． people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science

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考题读A、B两篇材料,根据材料内容选择最佳答案。A Learning How to Learn$22Children who read this book show great interest in study.Many pictures will help them understand it easily and quickly. Basic Study Guidebook $36Read this book and learn:What the three barriers (障碍) to study are and what to do about themWhat to do if you are tired of a subjectChildren read it to improve the ability to study. How to Use a Dictionary Picture Book for Children $35Read this book and learn:How to look up words in a dictionaryWhat the different marks in a dictionary meanHow to use a dictionary to pronounce words correctlyBuy this book and help children unlock their education.What’s more, you’ll just pay 60% for it before May 10, 2009.第 1 题（）“__________” can tell you what to do if you are tired of a subject.A．Study Skills for LifeB．Learning How to LearnC．Basic Study GuidebookD．How to Use a Dictionary Picture Book for Children

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考题 29． Which of the following is WRONG?A． People can- t live without food．B． There is no need for children to have a good breakfast．．C． Children without breakfast may not study as well as children with breakfast in the morning．D． Breakfast is as important as the．other two meals of the day．

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考题 Different from other security software, Retriever can ______.A. record the stealing process B. help recognize the lost laptopC. lock down the computer remotely D. send a spoken message

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考题共用题干 Learning DisabilitiesLearning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made______.A:to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligenceB:to study how children learn to read and write,and use numbersC:to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationD:to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning

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考题 Text 1 Football player Adrian Peterson was indicted for negligent injury to a child after he whippedhis 4-year-old son bloody with a slim tree branch in September as punishment for pushing one of his siblings.The football player,and many others,seemed surprised that police got involved in what seemed to him a family matter."I am someone that disciplined his child and did not intend to cause him any injury,"Peterson said in a statement afierwards.The incident turncd up the heat under a national argument about how to discipline children.From conscrvatlve talk show host Sean Hannity to former basketball champion Charles Barkley,some leaped to Pctcrson's defense.Others,including former NFL player Cris Carter and child development experts,argued ihat it is a tradition that should come to an end.But the research findings,says Alan Kazdin,professor of Psychology and Cliild Psychiatry at Yalc University.are overwhelming.Depending on how frequent and how aggressive,spanking can be dcstructive long before it becomes a clear cut case of child abuse.In a University of California study,infants who were often spanked subsequently had higher levels in the stress hormone cortisol when faced with a new experience,compared to children who weren't spanked.Studies show that spankings result in higher production of stress hormones,which can make children less able to deal with other stresses."Moderate to heavy spanking（twice a week or more）predicts later mental and physical health and academic problems,"says Kazdin."It can change the immune system.Adults who as children were spanked regularly die at a younger age of cancer,heart disease,and respiratory illnesses.Spanking doesn't change a child's behavior,and even ifit did,there are so many hazards to it that it's still not an appropriate method of discipline."lf studies of any other phenomenon had such consistent scientific results,they'd be adopted wholesale."If it were a diet pill,everyone would be taking it,"says Elizabeth Gershoff,associate professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin,who studies how discipline affects children's development."But Americans don't trust research when it comes to parenting and family life.We don't like to be told how to run our families."24.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.American families will probably continue spanking their children. B.Expert advices are welcomed in America. C.American parents are glad to change their approaches. D.Americans never trust research results.

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考题 Text 1 Football player Adrian Peterson was indicted for negligent injury to a child after he whippedhis 4-year-old son bloody with a slim tree branch in September as punishment for pushing one of his siblings.The football player,and many others,seemed surprised that police got involved in what seemed to him a family matter."I am someone that disciplined his child and did not intend to cause him any injury,"Peterson said in a statement afierwards.The incident turncd up the heat under a national argument about how to discipline children.From conscrvatlve talk show host Sean Hannity to former basketball champion Charles Barkley,some leaped to Pctcrson's defense.Others,including former NFL player Cris Carter and child development experts,argued ihat it is a tradition that should come to an end.But the research findings,says Alan Kazdin,professor of Psychology and Cliild Psychiatry at Yalc University.are overwhelming.Depending on how frequent and how aggressive,spanking can be dcstructive long before it becomes a clear cut case of child abuse.In a University of California study,infants who were often spanked subsequently had higher levels in the stress hormone cortisol when faced with a new experience,compared to children who weren't spanked.Studies show that spankings result in higher production of stress hormones,which can make children less able to deal with other stresses."Moderate to heavy spanking（twice a week or more）predicts later mental and physical health and academic problems,"says Kazdin."It can change the immune system.Adults who as children were spanked regularly die at a younger age of cancer,heart disease,and respiratory illnesses.Spanking doesn't change a child's behavior,and even ifit did,there are so many hazards to it that it's still not an appropriate method of discipline."lf studies of any other phenomenon had such consistent scientific results,they'd be adopted wholesale."If it were a diet pill,everyone would be taking it,"says Elizabeth Gershoff,associate professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin,who studies how discipline affects children's development."But Americans don't trust research when it comes to parenting and family life.We don't like to be told how to run our families."23.According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is NOT mentioned as possible consequence of child spanking?A.Poor academic development. B.Bad psychological conditions. C.Negative feeling toward parents. D.Mental and physical problems.

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考题 Text 1 Football player Adrian Peterson was indicted for negligent injury to a child after he whippedhis 4-year-old son bloody with a slim tree branch in September as punishment for pushing one of his siblings.The football player,and many others,seemed surprised that police got involved in what seemed to him a family matter."I am someone that disciplined his child and did not intend to cause him any injury,"Peterson said in a statement afierwards.The incident turncd up the heat under a national argument about how to discipline children.From conscrvatlve talk show host Sean Hannity to former basketball champion Charles Barkley,some leaped to Pctcrson's defense.Others,including former NFL player Cris Carter and child development experts,argued ihat it is a tradition that should come to an end.But the research findings,says Alan Kazdin,professor of Psychology and Cliild Psychiatry at Yalc University.are overwhelming.Depending on how frequent and how aggressive,spanking can be dcstructive long before it becomes a clear cut case of child abuse.In a University of California study,infants who were often spanked subsequently had higher levels in the stress hormone cortisol when faced with a new experience,compared to children who weren't spanked.Studies show that spankings result in higher production of stress hormones,which can make children less able to deal with other stresses."Moderate to heavy spanking（twice a week or more）predicts later mental and physical health and academic problems,"says Kazdin."It can change the immune system.Adults who as children were spanked regularly die at a younger age of cancer,heart disease,and respiratory illnesses.Spanking doesn't change a child's behavior,and even ifit did,there are so many hazards to it that it's still not an appropriate method of discipline."lf studies of any other phenomenon had such consistent scientific results,they'd be adopted wholesale."If it were a diet pill,everyone would be taking it,"says Elizabeth Gershoff,associate professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin,who studies how discipline affects children's development."But Americans don't trust research when it comes to parenting and family life.We don't like to be told how to run our families."25.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A.How to Discipline a Child B.Let Children Grow Under Pressure C.Negative Impact of Child Spanking D.Merits of Rigid Education on Child

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考题共用题干 Musical Training Can Improve Communication SkillsAmerican scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation （延迟）.They found that developing musical skill involves the______(51)process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that could______(52)children with learning disabilities.Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training______(53)putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This______(54)is not much different from learning how to speak.Both involve different senses.She further explains musical training and learning to______(55)each make us think about what we are doing.She says speech and music______(56)through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.The brain stem______(57)our ability to hear.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.______(58)Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.The study involved individuals with different levels of musical______(59).They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures______(60)activity.The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument-the cello（大提琴）.Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar______(61)some of the sounds that are impor-tant with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more______(62)they were to the sound and rhythm of the music.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the______(63)of sensory events was the strongest.It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning______（64).She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they______(65)sentences and understand facial expressions better._________52A:help B:tellC:remind D:entertain

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考题 It was a case of emergency．The four-year-old girl awoke and smelled smoke．She couldn't wake her mother,so she dialed"zero",An operator immediately called the fire department．Help was sent,and a tragedy avoided. Days before this emergency,the mother had taught her child how to telephone for help．Children as young as two and one-half years old can be taught to use the phone in emergency situations．Here are some points. Memorizing certain facts is important．Teach your children their names,and the section of town where you live．Try to keep what they learn within their abilities．Simple information,learned well,is better than difficult information only partly learned. Be sure your children know how to use the telephone．They should be taught to dial"zero"for the operator,at the very least．And they should be taught to dial"911"if it is used in your town. Practice over a period of several days．Over-learning is necessary so the child can act automatically in case of emergency. If you would like a booklet giving instructions on calling for help,write Telephone For Help,Box 99,Bowling Green Station,New York,NY 10004. From this passage,why is it a good idea for children to learn how to use the telephone?A.Children have fun dialin B.Emergencies happen without warnin C.Children can wake their parent D.Dialing can help children with their math stud

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考题共用题干第三篇Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle events一 flowering,the appearance of leaves and the first frog calls of the spring一all around the world.But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists,sometimes called citizen scientists,for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere.Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them,they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world.The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specificresearch interest一birds,trees,flowers budding,etc.and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists.This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own.Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat,citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live in.All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send them in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network."Phenology"is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing eveiy year.The program,called Project BudBurst,collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from across the United States.People participating in the project一which is open to every- one一record their observations on the Project BudBurst website."People don't have to be plant experts一they just have to look around and see what's in their neighbor- hood,"says Jennifer Schwartz,an education consultant with the project."As we collect these data,we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climatechanges."What is NOT true of Project BudBurst?A:Only experts can participate in it.B:Everybody can participate in it.C:It collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants.D:It has its own website.

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考题共用题干第一篇US to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA study that will cost$3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost$3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term（从长远来说）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up（签订协议）pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind pre-term birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Which is NOT true of the people in the study?A:They'll be from various areas.B:They'll be from all income levels.C:They'll be from all educational levels.D:They'll be from all age groups.

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考题共用题干第一篇US to Start$3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA stu街that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certamn chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term（从长远说来）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind preterm birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.The aim of the study is to find new ways to_______.A:conduct researchB:track public healthC:prevent or treat illnessD:speed up development

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考题 We need different kinds of paint for （）areas.A、everyB、eachC、differentD、same

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考题 Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a（）linguistics.

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考题单选题The team _____ of scientists and experts in different lines of work.A insisted.B consistedC persistedD composed

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考题判断题Development in the hi-tech areas will benefit the developed countries more than it benefits the poorer nations.A 对B 错

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考题单选题The author of this passage tries to __________.A present certain facts of how the development of a person’s attitude can be influencedB show that our society is not doing enough to help children shape their attitudesC point out that teachers are the only people who can influence the children’s attitudesD prove that speeches and books are the only factors to indoctrinate children

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考题判断题General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.A 对B 错

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考题问答题Dental Health　　Decay is not the only disease that can cause tooth loss. Another serious disease affects the gums, the tissue that surrounds the teeth. It is also caused by bacteria. If the bacteria are not removed every day, they form a substance that stays on the teeth. The substance is known as plaque. At first, the gums appear to be swollen, and may bleed when the teeth are brushed. This can lead to serious infection of the tissue around the teeth. The infection may damage the bone that supports the teeth and cause tooth loss and other health problems. Studies have found that people with severe gum disease have an increased risk of developing heart disease, diabetes and stroke.　　Gum disease can be treated by a special dentist called a periodontist. Periodontists are trained to repair the gum areas that have been damaged. This can be painful and costly.　　Dental health experts say the best thing to do is to stop gum disease before it starts. The way to do this is to clean the teeth every day. People also should use dental floss to remove plaque from between the teeth. Most experts also agree that another way to prevent tooth and gum problems is to eat foods high in calcium and vitamins and low in sugar.　　Scientists continue to develop better dental treatments and equipment. Improved technology may change the way people receive dental treatment in the future. For example, dentists are now suing laser light to treat diseased gums and teeth. Dentists use computer technology to help them repair damaged teeth. Researchers have developed improved methods to repair bone that supports the teeth. And genetic research is expected to develop tests that will show the presence of disease causing bacteria in the mouth.　　Such increased knowledge about dental diseases and ways to prevent them has improved the health of many people. Yet problems remain in some areas. In industrial countries, minorities and other groups have a high level of untreated dental disease. In developing countries, many areas do not have even emergency care services. The World Health Organization says people in countries in Africa have the most tooth and gum problems.　　World Health Organization experts say the dental health situation is different for almost every country in the world. As a result, it has developed oral health programs separately for each area.　　The WHO oral health program is mainly for people living in poor areas. It provides them with information about mouth diseases and health care. It also studies preventive programs using fluoride in water, salt, mild and toothpaste. And it explores ways to include dental health in national health care systems.　　Many governments and other organizations provide help, so people can get needed dental health services. But dental health professionals say people should take good care of their teeth and gums.　　They say people should keep their teeth as clean as possible. They should eat foods high in calcium and fiber. These include milk products, whole grain breads and cereals, vegetables, fruits, beans and nuts. Recent studies have shown that eating nuts can help slow the production of plaque on the teeth.　　Experts say these activities will help everyone improve their dental health throughout their lives.

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