复习必看:考研初试英语历年真题(2021-09-10)
发布时间:2021-09-10
目前正值2022年考研备考的最后阶段,不知各位小伙伴们复习的如何了?在最后阶段,除了教材复习之外,适当的试题练习也是非常重要的。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试英语科目部分历年真题,一起来看一看。
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the
following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C
or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
Financial
regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big
banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be
delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The
main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for
harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet
officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making
not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for
future generations.
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has
worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a
giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial
impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of
their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to
be eaten last.
The
average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he
notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades.
Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can
hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term
research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”.
In
addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities,
quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial
markers. “There seems to be a predominance
of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US
Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.
In the
US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer
performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping
reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall
Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.
Much more
could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker
disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a
company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights
in a company.
Within
companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives
to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all
stakeholders. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to
bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the
short term but for the long term.
21.
According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_________.
A.
enhance banker’s sense of responsibility
B. help
corporations achieve larger profits
C. build
a new system of financial regulation
D.
guarantee the bonuses of top executives
22.
Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.
A. the
conditions for generating quick profits
B.
governments’ impatience in decision-making
C. the
solid structure of publicly traded companies
D. “short-termism” in economics activities
23. It is
argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can
be__________.
A.
indirect
B.
adverse
C.
minimal
D.
temporary
24. The
US and France examples are used to illustrate____________.
A. the
obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.
B. the
significance of long-term thinking.
C. the
approaches to promoting “long-termism”.
D. the
prevalence of short-term thinking.
25. Which
of the following would be the best title for the text?
A.
Failure of Quarterly Capitalism
B.
Patience as a Corporate Virtue
C.
Decisiveness Required of Top Executives
D.
Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers
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