2018年普通研究生入学考试《英语》真题

发布时间:2019-01-16


Section ⅠUse of English


Directions:


Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)


Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...


When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.


If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.


Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.


18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.


1. [A]Some [B]Most [C]Few [D]All


2. [A]put[B]take[C]run [D]come


3. [A]Since [B] If [C] Though [D]Until


4. [A]formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally


5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away


6. [A]onto [B]off[C]across [D]alone


7. [A]unattractive[B] uncrowded [C]unchanged [D]unfamiliar


8. [A] site[B]point [C]way [D]place


9. [A] So [B] Yet [C]Instead [D]Besides


10. [A]immediately [B] intentionally [C]unexpectedly [D] eventually


11. [A]surprised [B]annoyed [C]frightened [D]confused


12. [A] problem [B]option [C]view [D]result


13. [A] Above all [B]In contrast [C] On average [D] For example


14. [A]bridge [B]avoid [C]spot [D]separate


15. [A] from [B] through [C]beyond [D] under


16. [A] posts [B]links [C]shades [D]breaks


17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited


18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] incidentally [D] Generally


19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings


20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] expose


下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。

阅读下列材料,回答问题。某一培训机构开发出一种独特的记忆术,他们认为使用这种记忆术会大大提高记忆成绩。在一项实验中,他们随机选取了三组成人被试,第一组要求他们利用简单复述的方式记忆一张词表(机械识记组),第二组要求他们可以充分发挥想象识记词表(意义识记组),第三组则先教会他们该机构开发出的记忆术之后,让他们利用此种记忆术对词表进行识记(记忆术组),三组被试的识记时间相同,随后进行自由回忆并比较三组被试回忆成绩的差别。为了表明三组被试是相匹配的,实验者在实验之后让所有被试都补充完成了智力测验和记忆广度测验。结果发现,在记忆广度测验上,三组被试的差别明显。请问:(1)该项实验属于哪种实验设计?(2)该实验中的重要额外变量是什么?应如何控制?(3)考虑到记忆广度这一额外因素,请设计一个更合理的方案改进该实验。

答案:
解析:
(1)该实验的设计类型:该实验属于单因素完全随机设计。(2)该实验中的额外变量与控制方法:该实验的额外变量是记忆广度。记忆广度可以作为协变量进入统计分析,进行统计控制。(3)新的实验方案:使用随机区组设计。首先,把被试按记忆广度测验的结果分成记忆广度高中低三组,然后,分别把这三组被试随机分到三个实验组中,这样,三个实验组中的被试在记忆广度上就会相匹配了,再对三个实验组实施材料中的实验程序。 本题考查的是考生对额外变量的控制和真实验设计中的完全随机设计和随机区组设计的掌握情况。其中,对额外变量的统计控制可以作为事后的控制手段;随机区组设计可以有效地控制和实验自变量无关的额外因素。

哮喘穴位贴敷法一般选取的穴位是

A.列缺、合谷、肺俞、天突、中府
B.列缺、合谷、三阴交、肺俞
C.肺俞、膏肓、膻中、定喘
D.天突、太渊、三阴交、肺俞
答案:C
解析:
哮喘穴位贴敷法一般选肺俞、膏肓、膻中、定喘。定喘为其效穴。

心理学家验证两种记忆说对系列位置曲线分析的方法是

A.记亿广度法
B.分散注意作业法
C.探测法
D.功能双重分离法
答案:D
解析:
心理学家通过功能双重分离( functioned double dissociati。。)的方法验证了两种记忆说对系列位置曲线的分析。功能双重分离是指:一些自变量可以改变首因效应和渐近线,但不影响近因效应;另一些自变量可以改变近因效应但不影响首因效应和渐近线。为区分两种记忆,根据功能双重分离原则,可变化下列两个自变量。(1)单词的呈现速度。培加每个单词的呈现时间,这将增加复述的时间,使更多信息转入长时记忆,但不会影响短时记忆。(2)干扰活动。系列单词呈现后进行延缓回忆,为防止复述进行干扰活动,这样可以有效地干扰短时记忆,但不影响长时记忆。

下列疾病中可以进行切脾治疗的是
A.遗伶性球形细胞增多症 B.自血性贫血 C. 丙酮酸激酶缺乏致贫血 D.海洋性贫血

答案:A,B,C,D
解析:
外科学及内科血液病中有关脾切除的指征很多,很少考。 4个选项都是脾切除的适应证。遗传性球形细胞增多症的治疗首选脾切除,脾切除后尽管球形红细胞仍然存在,但由于缺少了溶血的部位,贫血可永久消失。自身免疫性溶血性贫血、海洋性贫血和丙酮酸激酶缺乏所致贫血,脾切除后可减少糖皮质激素用量,延长红细胞寿命,减轻贫血。

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