What can be done about mass unemployment All the wise heads agree:there’re no quick or any answers.There’s work to be done,but workers aren’t ready to do it.They’re in the wrong places,or they have the wrong skills.Our problem are
“structural,”and will take many years to solve.
But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view.There isn’t any.On the contrary,all the facts suggest
that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand.Saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise,
but it’s actually foolish:our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will
to act.In other words,structural unemployment is a fake problem,which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real
solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector,while the number of workers forced into part-time
employment in almost all industries has soared.Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category.Only three
states,with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn,have unemployment rates below 5%.So the
evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment.Why,then,has this claim become so popular
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment-in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem the problem deeply rooted,with no easy answers,makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression;it was almost
identical to what Very Serious People are saying now.Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly,declared one 1935
analysis,because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained”.I cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may
offer.A few years later,a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs anD.suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now,as then,powerful forces are
ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy.And that,
fundamentally,is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying:they offer a reason to do nothing
about the mass unemployment that is crippling our economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that there's no evidence whatsoever to back these claims.We aren't suffering from a
shortage of needed skills;we’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve.As I said,structural unemployment isn’t real problem,
it's an excuse-a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.

What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply 《》（）

A.Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.
B.Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.
C.Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D.Economists’failure to detect the problem in time.

小学儿童的“学生感”这一心理特征具有独立性 和_性两方面特点。

高中地理《改革开放的前沿》
一、考题回顾



二、考题解析
【教学过程】
(一)导入新课
以歌曲《春天的故事》导入。利用多媒体演示“在珠江三角洲地区画一个圈”，就是在我们祖国的南海之滨“珠江三角洲”。今天我们就来学习以珠江三角洲为例的区域工业化与城市化的进程。
(二)新课教学
1.珠江三角洲的范围和位置
首先来认识一下这个圈里的珠江三角洲。
【教师活动】介绍：珠江三角洲是由组成珠珠江的西江、北江和东江入海时冲击沉淀而成的一个三角洲，面积大约一万多平方公里。位于广东省的东南部，毗邻港澳，与东南亚地区隔海相望。
【学生活动】阅读课本材料，进一步了解珠三角概况。
珠江三角洲有狭义和广义之分，广义的珠三角包括港、澳地区在内，狭义的不包括。这里所讲的珠江三角洲包括广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、江门、东莞、中山等市的全部和惠州、肇庆两市的部分县、市。
(承转)珠江三角洲的重镇——深圳从昔日的渔港小村发展成为今日的国际化大都市，(展示深圳改革开放之初和现在的图片对比)而今的珠江三角洲已经成为了我国仅次于长江三角洲的城市密集区，工业化和城市化水平的迅速提高有着她特定的国际和国内背景和有利的地理条件。
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2.对外开放的前沿
【教师活动】指导学生阅读“1970-1990年美国的产业结果变动”图。1970-1990年美国一、二产业比重下降，三产业的比重上升。
【学生活动】阅读图4.18“1970-1990年美国的产业结果变动”图，分组讨论，思考并得出产业结构变动的背景
(1)国际背景——发达国家和地区的产业结果调整
表现：A.第二产业比重下降，第三产业比重上升
B.劳动密集型产业比重不断下降，技术、知识密集型产业比重不断上升
结果：珠江三角洲承接产业转移获得了发展的契机。
(2)国内背景——国家的对外开放政策
正如歌曲所唱的在改革开放的初期我国确立的四个经济特区——深圳、珠海、厦门、汕头有两个都是位于珠三角地区，特殊的经济体制，优惠的政策，良好的基础设施为珠三角承接产业奠定了良好的基础。
(3)地理条件——良好的区位
地处南部沿海，毗邻港澳，靠近东南亚的区位使本地区得以发挥劳动力丰富、低价低廉的优势，接受港澳的产业扩散并利用贸易通道出口商品。
(4)全国最大的侨乡之一
广东的华侨和港澳台同胞利用海外的关系，通过投资、引商、引资，推动珠三角地区经济的发展。
(三)巩固小结
在这一系列国际国内背景下珠江三角洲地区成为我国经济最发达、增长最迅速的地区之一。从经济方面看，珠三角在工业化、市场化和国际化方面走在全国的前面;从城市方面看，珠三角也是中国城市化和信息化水平最高的地区之一。
任何城市都有一个发展变化的过程，珠江三角洲地区也不例外。
【板书设计】



【答辩题目解析】
1.简述我国珠江三角洲地区在20世纪80年代工业化和城市化水平迅速提高的有利条件。
2.作为一名地理教师，你如何理解地理课程的性质?