2021年 全国 职称英语(理工)如何报名

共用题干
Ford

1 Ford's great strength was the manufacturing process一not invention.Long before he
started a car company,he was a worker,known for picking up pieces of metal and wire
and turning them into machines.He started putting cars together in 1891.Although it was
by no means the first popular automobile,the Model T showed the world just how creative
Ford was at combining technology and market.
2 The company's assembly line alone threw America's Industrial Revolution into overdrive
（高速运转）.Instead of having workers put together the entire car, Ford's friends, who
were great toolmakers from Scotland,organized teams that added parts to each Model T as
it moved down a line. By the time Ford's Highland Park plant was humming（嗡嗡作响）
along in 1914,the world's first automatic conveyor belt could turn out a car every 93 minutes.
3 The same year Henry Ford shocked the world with the$5-a-day minimum wage
scheme,the greatest contribution he had ever made.The average wage in the auto
industry then was$2.34 for a 9-hour shift.Ford not only doubled that,he also took an
hour off the workday.In those years it was unthinkable that a man could be paid that much
for doing something that didn't involve an awful lot of training or education.The Wall Street
Journal called the plan"an economic crime",and critics everywhere laughed at Ford.
4 But as the wage increased later to daily$10,it proved a critical component of Ford's
dream to make the automobile accessible（可及的）to all. The critics were too stupid to
understand that because Ford had lowered his costs per car,the higher wages didn't
matter一except for making it possible for more people to buy cars.

Ford's cars became available to ordinary people thanks to_________.
A:criticized by the media
B:the low wage in the auto industry
C:their lower prices and the higher wages
D:produce cars in large numbers
E:the8-hour shift
F: supported by his friends

I'd like to withdraw 500 from my current account.

A:leave
B:pay
C:put
D:draw

共用题干
The Interpersonal Skills of Children without Siblings

Many parents may think that each new sibling（兄弟姐妹）offers their children the gift of companionship.But while we tend to think that siblings teach one another conflict resolution and other 、interpersonal skills,new research says they are no better off socially than children without siblings.
"Most studies look at the negative consequences of having siblings in terms of educational outcome,"said Donna Bobbitt-Zeher,lead author of Good for Nothing?Number of Siblings and Friendship Nominations Among Adolescents."But we decided to look at social skills to see if there was any other possible benefit to having brothers or sisters."She and her co-author,Douglas Downey are sociologists at Ohio State's Marion campus,and neither is an only child.They presented their findings at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in August.
The paper is in large part a reply to a previous study,Playing Well With Others in Kindergarten:The Benefits of Siblings at Home,also co-authored by Dr. Downey,which found that kindergarten teachers rated children without siblings worse in interpersonal skills,self-control and problem behaviors.
But an only child isn't necessarily a loner and misfit.First,the social advantages found in children with siblings in the kindergarten study were quite modest. Second,the study relied on teacher evaluations,and teachers may not be reliable judges of friendships among their charges.
And now it seems that any benefits documented in kindergarten disappear altogether by middle school. Using a metric called"peer nomination（提名）",Dr. Downey and Dr. Bobbitt Zeher found that children without siblings had just as many friends as children with siblings.
"I see the two studies as a natural progression,showing what happens to the only children who didn't have much interaction before kindergarten,"Dr. Downey said.Another study he is working on shows that the same only children evaluated in kindergarten had caught up by fifth grade.
While the studies don't examine the cause for the disappearing social boost to kindergartners with siblings,Dr. Downey speculates that continuing school,youth clubs and other group activities一especially in an era of overscheduled children一provide sufficient opportunity for onlys to sharpen their skills.

Donna Bobbitt Zeher's study is to find out if having siblings is_______.
A:helpful to improve the only childrens' social skills
B:better than the only childrens'
C:beneficial to children in any other ways
D:complete
E:unfair
F: unnecessary