2021年 黑龙江 职称英语(理工)如何报名

发布时间:2021-10-04


2021年 黑龙江 职称英语(理工)如何报名

 


下面小编为大家准备了 职称英语(理工) 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。

共用题干
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil“liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its1severity,a new analysis shows.
“We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before,but the distance and2of damage in Japan were unusually severe,”said Scott Ashford,a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,”Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water,drain and gas pipelines,crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to3. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.”
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water,particularly recent sediments or sand,can lose much of their4and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or5.
But most earthquakes are much6than the recent event in Japan,Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake,as much as five minutes,may force researchers to recon-sider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
“With such a long-lasting earthquake,we saw7structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,”he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments,and especially areas built on8filled ground,are much more vulnerable.”
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake,researchers said,should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil9and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly,10damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar11,”Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction,such as better compaction to make soils dense,or use of reinforcing stone columns.”
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefac-tion一on the coast,near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The“young”sedi-ments,in geologic terms,may be those12within the past 10,000 years or more. In Ore-gon,for instance,that describes much of downtown Portland,the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything13a river and old flood plains is a suspect,and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.
Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to14collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake,but Japanese construction15 helped prevent many buildings from collapse一even as they tilted and sank into the ground.

15._________
A: styles
B: sites
C: costs
D: standards
答案:D
解析:
前文说到日本的俯冲带地震是massive(巨大的),而且砂土液化到达一个 significant level。根据上述描述,选D项widespread“分布广泛的”修饰severity是正确的。其他三个选项不符合句意。所以答案为D。
本句由but连接并列的两个分句组成。第一个分句提到以前也发生过地震引发的砂土液化的现象,但涉及范围较小。第二个分句通过but语气一转,说明这次地震造成的破坏是罕见的。很显然,选C项extent“程度”与distance“距离,范围”合用说明破坏的程度和范围是符合上下文意思的。所以答案为C。
在The shifts in soil destroyed water, sewer and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to…中,these communities need to…是定语从句,指代utilities和infrastructure的关系代词which在定语从句中起宾语作用,被省略了。need后面的动词不定式的逻辑主语是which,也就是utilities and infrastructure。从意思上看,这些社区需要这些公用事业设备和基础设施发挥功能(function)。选A项function 是对的。其他选项都不合适。
浸了水的砂土,特别是新近的沉积土、沙土等失去的不会是durability“耐用性”和ability“能力”,也不会是泛泛的property“性质”,而是strength“强度”。所以答案为B。
浸了水的砂土强度降低或消失。砂土随水流动,就会引发建筑物移位 (shift)或下沉(sink)。再发展下去,建筑物就会倒塌( collapse)。因此C项collapse是答案。 ascend“上升”, compact“压实”, recover“复原”,都不符合句意。
地震持续的时间一般为数十秒。这次日本地震的时间长达5分钟。所以本题要填入的词应该是A项shorter,说明大多数地震的持续时间比最近在日本发生的地震要短。
从意思上看,选C项how是正确的。when structures、 what structures或 which structures意思明显不通。
第三段第二句出现particularly recent sediment...。recent sediment浸水后就失去了强度。这提示了本题要选D项recently,因为建立在新近填就的土壤上的建筑物是最经不起地震的。
分析日本大地震得出的数据不会令科学家获得有关soil development(土壤发展)、 soil formation(土壤形成)或soil composition(土壤构成)这些方面的知识。若选phe-nomenon,意思就是科学家的研究分析有助于他们了解到土壤浸水后的这类现象,以便做好防备,对付未来可能发生的同类现象。上下文意思很连贯,因此B项phenomenon是正确答案。
选unless、 until或after都不合逻辑。本句意为:重建工作首先要清理废墟,这样地震现场就被破坏了。所以科学家要赶在重建工作开始之前收集好(有关)地震的资料。因此D项before是答案。
本句意为:科学家无疑会从日本大地震中学到不少东西,从而有助于降低今后发生类似的地震时的风险。四个选项中只有C项events合适。similar events指的是“类似的(地震)事件”。findings“调查结果”、locations“地点”或sources“来源”,都不符合句意。
本句解释“young”这个词在地质学中的含义。句中的those指代sedi-ments。 “young” sediments指那些年代少于或略超过一万年的sediments。 deposit意为“沉积”,与句子意思匹配,是答案。其他三个选项,词义离题很远,只是词形与deposit有点相似,起干扰作用而已,它们不是答案。
上一段说,younger soils是非常脆弱的。本句的anything指的是soils。哪些地方的soils是疑似高危对象呢?如果指soils from/nside/over river and old flood plains 是不合常理的。正确的选择应该是near,靠近河流和原洪泛区的土壤才是危险地区。因此A 项near是答案。
加固危桥的目的是为了防止坍塌。所以A项prevent(防止)是答案。
在3月11日的日本大地震中,震区的建筑物倾料、下沉,但、没有倒塌。建筑上的什么因素起到了防塌的作用呢? 当然不会是construction styles“建筑风格”、construc- tion sites“建筑工地”或construction facilities“建筑设备”。 日本的construction standards“建筑标准”才是防塌的关键因素。因此D项standards是答案。

共用题干
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a warm-blooded,air-breathing animal,giving birth to its young alive,sucking them-and, like all mammals,originated on land.There are many______(51)of this.Its front flippers(鳍状肢), used for steering and stability,are traces of feet.
Immense strength is______(52)into the great body of the big whales,and in fact most of a wha'e'sbo衡is one gigantic muscle.The blue whale's pulling strength has been estimated______(53) 400 horsepower.One specimen was reported to have towed(拖)a whaling vessel for seven hours at the______ (54)of eight knot(节).
An angry whale will______(55).A famous example of this was the fate of Whaler Essex,______(56)was sunk off the coast of South America early in the last century.More recently,steel ships
have ___________( 57 ) their plates buckled(使弯曲)in the same way.Sperm whales(抹香鲸)were known to seize the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest______(58)of whales is their diving ability.The sperm whale dives to the bottom for his ______(59)food,the octopus(章鱼).In that search he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet,where the ______(60)is 1 ,400 pounds to a square inch.Doing so he will______(61)underwater as long as one hour.Two special1 skills are involved in this storing up enough______(62)(all whales are air-breathed ) and tolerating the great change in pressure.Just how he does it scientists have not______(63).It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special______(64)of blood vessels,rather than just held in the lungs.And it is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of a compensating mechanism that ______(65)adjusts the internal pressure of his body.But since you can't bring a live whale into the laboratory for study,no one knows just how these things work.

63._________
A:witnessed
B:determined
C:applied
D:calculated
答案:B
解析:
第一段讲到鲸鱼和所有其他哺乳动物一样来源于陆地,最后一句举了一些例子来说明这一点。sign的意思是“符号,特征,迹象”,而空白处所在句是说有很多迹象表明鲸鱼来自陆地,故选B项。aspect方面,层面;way方法,方式;reason原因。
build into…的意思是“使……成为……的组成部分”,这里指鲸鱼具有巨大的力气。其他几个选项意思上讲不通。work工作,运行;divide划分;build建立,逐渐增强;move移动。
at表示“(速度、比率等)以,达”; horsepower表示“马力”。
rate表示“速度”,而空格后的“knot”是速度单位,表示每小时一海里,选D意思才讲得通。
此题必须根据上下文的意思来做。由后文中捕鲸船被击沉、钢船被击毁的事例可知,鲸鱼被惹怒后会攻击船只,所以选B0 abandon放弃;attack攻击;leave离开;board登(机),上(船)。
这里是一非限制性定语从句,先行词为物,并且关系代词作主语,应用which来引导,故选C。
" have sth.done”是常用表达,表示某事被做。operate操作;see看到,看见;catch抓住。
本题所在句子为该段主题句,谈的是鲸鱼的潜水能力。鲸鱼的潜水能力很强,能下潜到很深的地方并在水下停留长达1个小时之久,科学家们不解,所以说是个谜,故选D。 interest兴趣;job工作;danger危险,危害;mystery谜。
虽然本题的几个选项都能与food搭配,但从上下文意思来讲,只有A正确。favorit。最喜爱的;fast快速地;new新的;sufficient充足的。
空格后面说的是每平方英寸1400磅,用的是压强单位,故选B0 depth深度;pressure压强;level水平;size尺寸。
待在水下要用动词remain,其他几个动词放入空格处意思讲不通。set设置;become变为;remain保持,逗留;rest休息。
此题也必须在读懂上下文意思的基础上才能作出判断,这里指鲸鱼储存氧气,故选D。heat热量;energy能量;food食物;oxygen氧气。
这里是说关于鲸鱼为什么能够在水下承受巨大的压力,科学家们还没有找到答案。选项中的determine的意思是“确定”,此词放入空格处意思讲得通,其他几个选项讲不通,故选B。witness见证;apply运用;calculate计算。
special虽然和几个选项都能搭配使用,但只有选项A意思上讲得通,故A为正确答案,此处是指氧气储存在特殊的血管系统中。system系统;place地方;arrangement安排;equipment设备。
此题亦需根据上下文的意思作出判断。automatically的意思是“自动地”。mentally心理上地;artificially人工地;manually手工地。

共用题干
Treating China's Online Addicts

Wang Yiming,21,is a self-confessed Internet addict,one of a growing number in China. He used to spend hours online each day,often going without food or sleep.His face is drawn and sallow. He said addiction changed his whole life:
"A month or two after I started surfing the Internet,I failed some of my school tests,but I was too afraid to tell my parents.When my parents found out,they were very angry."
"But I couldn't control my addiction.Friends were also telling me that I was on the net too long,but I thought:'It's my life,I can do what I want.'I became a real loner,was withdrawn,and wouldn't listen to anyone."
For help,Wang Yiming went to China's first Internet clinic,a low-rise,anonymous building in central Beijing. The clinic is part of a bigger addiction centre also treating those hooked on alcohol or drugs.The Internet addicts go on a two-week course involving medical treatment,psychological therapy,and daily workouts.
All 15 patients when I visited were young men一the main social group affected by this problem一and they all told a similar story of how their addiction to the net destroyed their lives.
Every day in China,more than 20 million youngsters go online to play games and hit the chat rooms,and that means that Internet addiction among young people is becoming a major issue here. The Chinese authorities have started to wake up to the seriousness of the problem with more articles in the papers highlighting the dangers of going online for too long.

Having the Internet addiction,Wang Yiming became a lonely person.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
答案:A
解析:
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是:"Wang Yiming, 21, is a self-confessed Internet addict...”。
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是:"A month or two after I started surfing the Internet,I failed some of my school tests…”。
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是:"I became a real loner, was with-drawn,and wouldn't listen to anyone”。
本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是:"Friends were also telling me that I was on the net too long,but I thought:'It's my life,I can do what I want'"。
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是:"The clinic is part of a bigger addiction centre also treating those hooked on alcohol or drugs”。
文章没有谈到这方面的信息。
本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是:"All 15 patients when I visited were young men一the main social group affected by this problem...”。

The city has decided to do away with all the old buildings in its center.

A: get rid of
B: set up
C: repair
D: paint
答案:A
解析:
题干意为“人们决定废除这座城市中心所有的旧建筑。”句中划线词为动词短语词组,意为废除,去掉。A项意为摆脱,除去;例句:He has decided to get rid of his bad habits.他已经决定改掉他的坏习惯。B项意为设立,建立,树立;C项意为修理,恢复;D项意为油漆,绘画;故选A。

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