2021年 湖南 职称英语(理工)如何报名
发布时间：2021-10-04
2021年 湖南 职称英语(理工)如何报名
下面小编为大家准备了 职称英语(理工) 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。
共用题干
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.
Electromagnetic Energy
1 White light seems to be a combination of all colors.The energy that comes from a source of light is not limited to the kind of energy you can see.Heat is given off by a flame or an electric light.On a cloudy day it is possible to get a sunburn even though you feel cool.Visible light and the kinds of energy that produce warmth and sunburn are examples of electromagnetic energy.
2 The sun is 93 million miles from the earth.Yet we can use energy from the sun because electromagnetic energy travels through space.
3 Many other kinds of energy are also types of electromagnetic energy.Radio,television,and radar signals travel from transmitters to receivers as low-energy electromagnetic waves.Infrared（红外线的）radiation is an electromagnetic wave.When it is absorbed by matter,heat is produced.Waves of infrared and visible light have more energy than waves of radio,television,or radar.Ultraviolet rays（紫外线）and X-rays are electromagnetic waves with even greater amounts of energy.Infrared radiation is used in cooking food and heating buildings. Sunlight and electric lights are part of our requirements for normal living.Ultraviolet radiation is useful in killing certain disease organisms.X-rays and gamma rays have so much energy that they travel through solid objects. They can be used to detect and treat cancer.X-rays are used in industry to find hidden cracks in metal,and in medicine to reveal broken bones.
4 Usually we use electricity to generate electromagnetic energy.The source of most of our energy is the sun.Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate.When the water falls to the earth as rain,some of it is trapped behind dams and then used to operate electric generators.Other generators are powered by coal,but the energy stored in coal came from the sun,too.
5 Until recently,the source of the tremendous amount of energy given off by the sun was a puzzle.If the sun depended on chemical reactions,it would have used up all its energy long ago.Experiments with electromagnetic radiation led to the theory that mass can be converted into energy.About forty years after the theory was proposed , nuclear energy was harnessed（利用）by man.Chemical energy comes from electron （电子）rearrangement.Nuclear energy comes from a change in the nucleus of an atom.Compared with chemical reactions,nuclear reactions release millions of times more energy per pound of fuel.We now believe that the sun's energy comes from the nuclear reactions in which hydrogen is changed into helium（氦）.
6 Nuclear energy is beginning to compete with coal as an economical source of'power to generate electricity.It is also being used to operate engines in large ships.Scientists continue to seek new and better methods of obtaining and using energy.
Paragraph 5______
A:Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy
B:The Most Important Source of Energy
C:Types of Electromagnetic Energy
D:The Machines Used for Energy Generation
E:Seeking New Sources of Energy
F:The Use of Ultravio1et Radiation in Medicine
A:Nuclear Reactions as the Lasting Source of the Sun's Energy
B:The Most Important Source of Energy
C:Types of Electromagnetic Energy
D:The Machines Used for Energy Generation
E:Seeking New Sources of Energy
F:The Use of Ultravio1et Radiation in Medicine
答案：A
解析：
通读文章可知，第三段第一句是段落主题句，紧接着围绕第一句进行了具体阐述，根据第一句中出现的“types of electromagnetic energy”可知，第三段主要讲述几种不同种类的电磁能，应选择C项。
根据第四段第一、二句可知，我们通常用电来生成电磁能，使用的很多能源都来自太阳。紧接着又表明，水能源于来自太阳的热能，煤储存的能量也是来自太阳。因此不难得出，第四段讲的是能量最重要的来源，即太阳。
第五段开头提到太阳能的来源仍是个谜，随后对此进行了分析，最后得出太阳能来自核反应释放的能量。由此可知，第五段主要讲的是，氢原子转变为氦原子的核反应释放的能量是太阳能的来源。几个选项中只有A项提到核反应是太阳能的持久来源，因此选择A项。
通读文章可知，第六段的最后一句是主题句。这句话的大意是：科学家正继续在寻找更好的新方法来获取并使用能源。几个选项中只有E项与之契合，因此选择E项。
根据第一段第四句可知，你即便在感到凉爽的阴天，也有可能被阳光灼伤，因此选择B项。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，红外线是电磁波，当它被物质吸收时，会产生能量。
根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，X射线和伽马射线之所以能用来探测和治疗癌症，是因为具有很多能量的x射线和伽马射线能穿透固体。
根据第五段第五句可知，化学能是在电子重组时产生的。
根据第四段第一、二句可知，我们通常用电来生成电磁能，使用的很多能源都来自太阳。紧接着又表明，水能源于来自太阳的热能，煤储存的能量也是来自太阳。因此不难得出，第四段讲的是能量最重要的来源，即太阳。
第五段开头提到太阳能的来源仍是个谜，随后对此进行了分析，最后得出太阳能来自核反应释放的能量。由此可知，第五段主要讲的是，氢原子转变为氦原子的核反应释放的能量是太阳能的来源。几个选项中只有A项提到核反应是太阳能的持久来源，因此选择A项。
通读文章可知，第六段的最后一句是主题句。这句话的大意是：科学家正继续在寻找更好的新方法来获取并使用能源。几个选项中只有E项与之契合，因此选择E项。
根据第一段第四句可知，你即便在感到凉爽的阴天，也有可能被阳光灼伤，因此选择B项。
根据第三段第三、四句可知，红外线是电磁波，当它被物质吸收时，会产生能量。
根据第三段倒数第二、三句可知，X射线和伽马射线之所以能用来探测和治疗癌症，是因为具有很多能量的x射线和伽马射线能穿透固体。
根据第五段第五句可知，化学能是在电子重组时产生的。
共用题干
第二篇
A Very Slow Ride
The surface of the earth may seem very stable to you.But you might be amazed if you
knew some of the things that are going on under that surface.
The earth has an outer shell of rigid pieces called tectonic plates（地壳构造板块）.The
plates include both ocean floor and dry land.Some have whole continents on top of them.
The continents on top of the plates are just going along for a slow ride,moving only about
four inches per year. But even this small movement causes three types of big interactions.
One type is ocean ridges.These ridges develop in places where two plates are moving
away from each other. As the plates separate , hot magma（岩浆）flows up to fill the
space. New crust（地壳）builds up on the plate boundaries and causes ocean ridges.
These ridges form long mountain ranges,which only rise above the ocean surface in a few
places.
Another type of reaction-trenches-occurs between two plates that are moving toward
each other.As the plates meet,one bends downward and plunges underneath the other.
This forms deep ocean trenches.The Marianas Trench off Guam in the western Pacific
Ocean has a depth of more than 36,000 feet.This is the lowest point on the ocean floor.
If the leading edges of the two colliding plates carry continents,then the layers of rock in the
overriding plate crumple（变皱）and fold. A plate that carried what is now India collided with
the southern edge of the plate that carried Europe and most of Asia.This caused the
Himalayas,the world's highest mountains.
The third reaction is transform faults（转换断层）.These faults occur where two plates
that are traveling in opposite directions slide past each other.Severe earthquakes can
occur. The San Andreas Fault in California is a good example of this type of movement.
第二篇
A Very Slow Ride
The surface of the earth may seem very stable to you.But you might be amazed if you
knew some of the things that are going on under that surface.
The earth has an outer shell of rigid pieces called tectonic plates（地壳构造板块）.The
plates include both ocean floor and dry land.Some have whole continents on top of them.
The continents on top of the plates are just going along for a slow ride,moving only about
four inches per year. But even this small movement causes three types of big interactions.
One type is ocean ridges.These ridges develop in places where two plates are moving
away from each other. As the plates separate , hot magma（岩浆）flows up to fill the
space. New crust（地壳）builds up on the plate boundaries and causes ocean ridges.
These ridges form long mountain ranges,which only rise above the ocean surface in a few
places.
Another type of reaction-trenches-occurs between two plates that are moving toward
each other.As the plates meet,one bends downward and plunges underneath the other.
This forms deep ocean trenches.The Marianas Trench off Guam in the western Pacific
Ocean has a depth of more than 36,000 feet.This is the lowest point on the ocean floor.
If the leading edges of the two colliding plates carry continents,then the layers of rock in the
overriding plate crumple（变皱）and fold. A plate that carried what is now India collided with
the southern edge of the plate that carried Europe and most of Asia.This caused the
Himalayas,the world's highest mountains.
The third reaction is transform faults（转换断层）.These faults occur where two plates
that are traveling in opposite directions slide past each other.Severe earthquakes can
occur. The San Andreas Fault in California is a good example of this type of movement.
According to the passage,the earth is
A:always changing.
B:becoming smaller.
C:moving faster.
D:getting hotter.
A:always changing.
B:becoming smaller.
C:moving faster.
D:getting hotter.
答案：A
解析：
共用题干
Smoking can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate"（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）,sci-
entists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually
______________
(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ______________(52)benefits of
smoking among teens,"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton,a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco
Research Unit of the University of Toronto."_______________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating
effects or to improve mood,in the long_______________(54)we found that teens who started to smoke reported
higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study,some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use
of cigarettes to ______________
(55)mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and
English participants,urban and rural schools,and schools ______________(56)in high,moderate and low so-
cioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three
______________ (57):never smokers;smokers who did not use ciga-
rettes to self-medicate,improve mood or physical
______________ (58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-
medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired
to do things;had
______________ (59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy,sad,or depressed;felt
hopeless about the future;felt anxious or tense;and worried too much about things.
" Smokers who used cigarettes as mood
______________( 60 ) had higher risks of elevated（提升）depres-
sive symptoms______________ (61)teens who had never smoked,"says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin,a
professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."Our study found that
teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are_______________(62)higher risk of developing
depressive symptoms."
The______________ (63)between depression and'smoking exists______________(64)among teens that use
cigarettes to feel better."It's ______________(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher
among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,"says Dr. Chaiton.
Smoking can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens
While some teenagers may use cigarettes to "self-medicate"（自我治疗）against the blues（忧郁）,sci-
entists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually
______________
(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.
"This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived ______________(52)benefits of
smoking among teens,"says lead researcher Michael Chaiton,a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco
Research Unit of the University of Toronto."_______________(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating
effects or to improve mood,in the long_______________(54)we found that teens who started to smoke reported
higher depressive symptoms."
As part of the study,some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use
of cigarettes to ______________
(55)mood.Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and
English participants,urban and rural schools,and schools ______________(56)in high,moderate and low so-
cioeconomic neighbourhoods.
Participants were divided into three
______________ (57):never smokers;smokers who did not use ciga-
rettes to self-medicate,improve mood or physical
______________ (58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-
medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how often participants felt too tired
to do things;had
______________ (59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy,sad,or depressed;felt
hopeless about the future;felt anxious or tense;and worried too much about things.
" Smokers who used cigarettes as mood
______________( 60 ) had higher risks of elevated（提升）depres-
sive symptoms______________ (61)teens who had never smoked,"says co-researcher Jennifer O'Loughlin,a
professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine."Our study found that
teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are_______________(62)higher risk of developing
depressive symptoms."
The______________ (63)between depression and'smoking exists______________(64)among teens that use
cigarettes to feel better."It's ______________(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher
among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke,"says Dr. Chaiton.
_________(52)
A:financial
B:material
C:emotional
D:political
A:financial
B:material
C:emotional
D:political
答案：C
解析：
由前后两句的转折关系可知，抽烟不是减轻忧郁，而是加重（increase）了忧郁的症状。
由第五段的最后一句话中的“emotional benefits”可知选emotional合适。
由前后两句语境可知此处表示转折关系，四个关联词只有B项合适。
in the long term意为“长期”，为固定搭配。
抽烟只能影响（affect）情绪，而不是其他的反应。
schools located意为“学校坐落在……”，其他选项不符合句意。
由下文可知，参加者是被分成三组（groups)。
mood or physical state意为“精神或身体状况”，为常用搭配。
have trouble doing sth.意为“做……有困难”，为固定短语。
mood improver意为“情绪改善者”，符合语境。
由前面的“higher”可知此处是比较级，所以用than。
at risk为固定词组，意为“有风险”;at higher risk意为“有更大的风险”。
在忧郁和抽烟之间只有“联系”(association)，而不是“合作”、“不同”与“一致”。
这种抽烟和忧郁的联系主要存在于抽烟感觉好的青少年中，由句意知选B。
由动词不定式后面强调的内容可知，此处是强调其重要性，所以选A。
由第五段的最后一句话中的“emotional benefits”可知选emotional合适。
由前后两句语境可知此处表示转折关系，四个关联词只有B项合适。
in the long term意为“长期”，为固定搭配。
抽烟只能影响（affect）情绪，而不是其他的反应。
schools located意为“学校坐落在……”，其他选项不符合句意。
由下文可知，参加者是被分成三组（groups)。
mood or physical state意为“精神或身体状况”，为常用搭配。
have trouble doing sth.意为“做……有困难”，为固定短语。
mood improver意为“情绪改善者”，符合语境。
由前面的“higher”可知此处是比较级，所以用than。
at risk为固定词组，意为“有风险”;at higher risk意为“有更大的风险”。
在忧郁和抽烟之间只有“联系”(association)，而不是“合作”、“不同”与“一致”。
这种抽烟和忧郁的联系主要存在于抽烟感觉好的青少年中，由句意知选B。
由动词不定式后面强调的内容可知，此处是强调其重要性，所以选A。
共用题干
第一篇
TapeStore: A New Tape Storage System
TapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6, 000 computer
tapes.No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes as TapeStore. The
tapes look exactly like video cassettes.Many hundreds of data files can be stored on each
tape,up to a maximum of 500 million bytes（字节）of data. If you stored the same amount
of information on paper,you would need nearly 4. 5 billion printed pages.
The machine is a tall black box with a mechanical arm.The machine is 2.5 metres high
and 3.0 metres wide,This is how it works.Each tape has a code printed on it.You feed
the code number into TapeStore,which then looks for the code.As soon as TapeStore
locates the code,the arm reaches in and pulls out the tape.
The system is very fast.It takes the mechanical arm about 1 0 seconds to find the tape
it is looking for. The machine then searches the tape to extract（提取）the required file,
and this takes less than a minute.A human technician would have to locate and remove the
tape by hand,and could take at least an hour to find the right file on the tape.
Some of the world's biggest companies,including banks,insurance companies,
airlines,telephone companies,utilities and computer centres,have bought the system.
They like it particularly because the system guarantees the security of their data.
TapeStore was originally developed in Canada and is now being marketed worldwide.
In Europe alone,750 have already been installed at a cost of 480,000 dollars each.
第一篇
TapeStore: A New Tape Storage System
TapeStore is a new kind of tape storage system which can store up to 6, 000 computer
tapes.No other tape storage system can hold as many computer tapes as TapeStore. The
tapes look exactly like video cassettes.Many hundreds of data files can be stored on each
tape,up to a maximum of 500 million bytes（字节）of data. If you stored the same amount
of information on paper,you would need nearly 4. 5 billion printed pages.
The machine is a tall black box with a mechanical arm.The machine is 2.5 metres high
and 3.0 metres wide,This is how it works.Each tape has a code printed on it.You feed
the code number into TapeStore,which then looks for the code.As soon as TapeStore
locates the code,the arm reaches in and pulls out the tape.
The system is very fast.It takes the mechanical arm about 1 0 seconds to find the tape
it is looking for. The machine then searches the tape to extract（提取）the required file,
and this takes less than a minute.A human technician would have to locate and remove the
tape by hand,and could take at least an hour to find the right file on the tape.
Some of the world's biggest companies,including banks,insurance companies,
airlines,telephone companies,utilities and computer centres,have bought the system.
They like it particularly because the system guarantees the security of their data.
TapeStore was originally developed in Canada and is now being marketed worldwide.
In Europe alone,750 have already been installed at a cost of 480,000 dollars each.
The word"marketed" in the last paragraph can be replaced by
A:installed.
B:used.
C:promoted.
D:designed.
A:installed.
B:used.
C:promoted.
D:designed.
答案：C
解析：
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