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Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.
In the past,these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing,many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet,and some journals are pub-lished only online.A few medical journals,like the Journal of the American Medical Associa-tion,are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine.Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.
Medical journals publish many types of articles.Research articles report the results of re-search studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments.Review articles summarize and analyze the informa-tion available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature.Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors,combining results from dif-ferent studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing,diagnosing or treating a particular disease.Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors,of-ten regarding a research or review article published in the same issue.Editorials provide a per-spective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic .Letters to the edi-tor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments,questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.

Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on______.
A: any medical event
B: articles published in the same issue
C: articles published in that journal
D: medical development

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Will We Take Vacation in Spaces?
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service,he figured his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellites into high-Earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong.“People were always asking me when they could go,”says Kelly,who runs
Kelly Space TechnologT out of San Bernardino,Californi a.“I realized that real market is in space tourism.”
According to preliminary market surveys,there are 10,000 would-be-space-tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventure in Arlington,Virginia,has taken more than 1 30 deposits for a two-hour,$98,000 space tour tentatively(and somewhat dubiously)set to occur by 2005 .Gene Meyers of the Space Island Group says:“Space is the next exotic vacation spot.”
This may all sound great,but there are a few hurdles.Putting a simple satellite into orbit with no oxygen,life support or return trip necessary already costs an astronomical $22,000/kg.
And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious passenger. John Pike of the
Federation of American Scientists acerbically suggests that the entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space tourism market have between them“just enough money to blow up one rocket.”The U .S.space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys.So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do:design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive,safe and reliable.Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines.Rotary Rocket in Redwood City,California,hasa booster with rotors make a helicopter-style return to Earth;Kistler Aerospace in Kirkland,Wash- ington,is piecing together its versions from old Soviet engines,shuttle-style thermal protection tiles and an elaborate parachute system.The first passenger countdowns are still years away,but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations.After all,you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far,far away.
For those who are intent on joining the 100-mile high club,Hilton and Budget are plotting to build space hotels.Before the Russian space Mir came down,some people were talking about using it as a low-rent space hotel to reduce the cost. If a space hotel is finally built in space,and if you're thinking of staying in it,you may want to check the Michelin ratings before booking yourself a suite.

Mike Kelly planned to turn his business of making bread and butter into a business that is engaged in space tourism.
A: Right
B: Wrong
C: Not mentioned

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第二篇

The First Navigational Lights

In the New World,navigational lights were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances.The first lighthouse was put up by the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by"light dues"levied on ships,the original beacon was blown up in 1776.By then there were only a dozen of so true lighthouses in the colonies. Little over a century later,there were 700 lighthouses.
The first lighthouses erected on the west coast in the 1850's featured the same basic new England design:a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by.In New England and elsewhere,though,lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles.Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences,enormous towers were not the rule.Some were made of stone and brick,others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts;some were fastened to rock with iron rods.Farther south from Maryland through the Florida Keys,the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there一massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras,North Carolina lighthouse,which was lit in 1870.At 190 feet,it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.
Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction,most American lighthouses shared several features:a light,living quarters and sometimes a bell(or,later,a foghorn).They also had something else in common. A keeper and usually,the keeper's family.The keeper' s essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain a steady,bright flame.The earliest keepers came from every walk of life;they were seamen,farmers,mechanics,rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums.After the administration of lighthouses was taken over in 1 852 by the United states Lighthouse Board,an agency of the Treasury Department,the keeper gradually became highly professional.

It may be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because______.
A:the coast was straight and unobstructed
B:ships there had high masts
C:coastal waters were safe
D:the lighthouses were bulb on high Places

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I'll Be Bach
Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of clas-sical music .It took Cope 30 years to develop the software.Now most people can't_____(51) the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S.Bach(1685-1750)and the Bach-like compositions from Cope's computer.
It all started in 1980 in the United States,when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having____(52)thinking of new melodies,so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies.At first this music was not_____(53)to listen to. What did Cope do?He began to rethink how human beings compose music .He realized that composers,brains_____(54)like big databases. First,they take in all the music that they have ever heard.Then they take
_____（55)the music that they dislike.Finally,they make new music from what is_______(56).According to Cope,only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it,and form new musical patterns from it.
Cope built a_____(57)database of existing music.He began with hundreds of works by Bach .The software analyzed the data:it______(58)it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the______(59)into new patterns. Before long,the program could compose short Bach-like works.They weren't good,but it was a start.
Cope knew he had more work to do—he had a whole opera to write.He continued to improve the software. Soon it could______(60)more complex music.He also added many other com-posers,including his own work to the database.
A few years later,Cope's computer program,called“Emmy”,was ready to help him with his opera. The______(61)required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the______(62)that he liked.With Emmy,the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Falling,and it was a great _____(63)!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly _____(64)he had composed the work.
Since that first opera,Emmy has written thousands of compositions.Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music,_____(65)she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!

51._________
A: make
B: tell
C:take
D:understand

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The Value of Motherhood
In shopping malls,the assistants try to push you into buying“a gift to thank her for her unselfish love”.When you log onto a website,a small popo-up invites you to book a bouquet for her. Commercial warmth and gratitude are the atmosphere being spread around for this special Sunday in May.
______(1)The popularity of Mother's Day around the world suggests that Jarvis got all she wanted. In fact,she got more一enough to make her horrified.
______(2)They buy,among other things,132 million cards. Mother's Day is the No. 1 holiday for flower purchases.Then there are the various commodities,ranging from jewelry and clothes to cosmetics and washing powder,that take advantage of the promotion opportu- nities.Because of this,Jarvis spent the last 40 years of her life trying to stop Mother's Day. One protest against the commercialization of Mother's Day even got her arrested一for distur- bing the peace,interestingly.
______(3)As Ralph Fevre,a reporter at the UK newspaper The Guardian,observe, traditionally“motherhood is something that we do because we think it's right.”But in the logic of commercialism,people need something in exchange for their time and energy. A ca- reer serves this purpose better.
______(4)So they work hard and play hard. Becoming a mother,however,inevitably handicaps career anticipation.
______(5)According to The Guardian,there are twice as many child-free young women as there were a generation ago. Or,they put off the responsibility of parenting until later in their lives.
So,Fevre writes that the meaning of celebrating Mother's Day needs to be updated:“It is to persuade people that parenting is a good idea and to honor people for their attempt to be good people.”

______(5)
A: The American version of Mother's Day was thought up as early as 1905,by Anna Jarvis,as a way of recognizing the real value of motherhood.
B: But what's more,commercialism changes young people's attitude towards mother-hood.
C: Obviously,the best gift will be a phone call or a visit.
D: According to a research by the US card company Hallmark,96 percent of American consumers celebrate the holiday.
E: As a result,motherhood has suffered a huge drop in status since the 1950s.
F: In addition,women are being encouraged to pursue any career they desire.

I doubt they'll be able to help but it's worth trying.

A:growing
B:wrapping
C:hiding
D:attempting