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职称英语(理工) 问题列表
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Water and its importance to human life were the center of the world's attention last week. March 22 was World Water Day and______(51)the theme"Water for Life”.There are more than one billion people in the world who live without______(52)drinking water. The United Nations______(53)to cut this number in half by 2015.Solving such a big problem seems like a(n)______(54)challenge.But everyone,even teenagers,can do something to help.A teenage girl in the US has set an example to the______(55)of her age around the world.Rene Haggerty,13,was awarded the 2004 Gloria Barron Prize for her work—_______(56) discarded（废弃的）batteries（电池）which pollute water.In 2003,Haggerty went on a field trip to the Great Lakes Science Centre in Ohio.There she saw an exhibit about how______(57)in old batteries harm the water of Lake Erie.Haggerty learnt that______(58)the batteries was an easy solution."I think everybody can do it,because everyone uses batteries,and it can make a big difference."With these words,she began to.______(59)awareness in her area.She______(60)her county government and school board. She got permission to start a re-cycling program in schools,hospital,churches______(61)the public library. With the help from her family,friends and local waste-management______(62),she gathered containers,arranged transportation,and made an educational video.Over the past two years,she collected four tons of batteries and drew the attention of officials, who were in charge of a battery recycling program but had made______(63)progress.When asked______(64)she feels like a hero,Haggerty is quite modest."Not really. Well,maybe for the fish I saved!"Every year the Gloria Barron Prize is______(65)to young Americans aged 8 to 1 8 who have shown leadership and courage in serving the public and the planet. Each year ten winners receive US MYM 2,000 each,to help with their education costs or their public service work._________(58)A:making B:recycling C:reducing D:handling
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So Many"Earths"The Milky Way（银河）contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of a new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepler space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars.Its data have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study,published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars,with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun,may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's,but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone.That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as a liquid.The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more than 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate（推算） to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit.If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close to the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars.Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant past).Using tighter limits,the researchers estimate that between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number.It would mean,however,that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.1._________A: change B: charge C: chain D: chance
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Ha!The Sdence of When We Laugh and WhyIt's certainly possible to over-analyze a joke._______(46)Considering the abundant research on the topic,maybe not.Scott Weems,a neuroscientist,takes readers on a wide-ranging tour that explains what humor is and why readers should care.______(47)Humor improves interpersonal relationships,and studies show that simply watching a funny movie can lower stress,improve immune system response and even help viewers better solve problems.The complexity of the human brain makes humor possible,Weems argues,and it also helps explain how some people can find a joke hilarious while others deem it grossly offensive.Humor takes many forms-as many as 44 by one researcher's count-but shares certain traits and themes.From puns and riddles to slapstick（打闹剧）,humor is inherently subversive , Weems says , often treating serious subjects with frivolity（轻浮）or even rudeness.______(48) Ha ! Isn ' t a self-help guide to being funny , though a careful reader can find useful nuggets（块金） throughout?______( 49 ) Surprise helps , too , whether it ' s the incongruity（不协调）of an elephant hiding in a cherry tree or the absolute improbability of Raquel Welch and the pope ending up in the same lifeboat.The final chapter divulges（透露）Weems's semi-successful attempt at stand-up comedy.He got a few laughs,he says,but not where he expected them. ______(50)The joke that got Weems the most laughs,and judged by one website's readers as the best in the world,is a story that he had practiced many dozens,maybe hundreds,of times._______(49)A:Prisoners of war and others in dire situations,for instance,often turn to dark humor.B:It turns out that humor influences health and social well-being in many ways.C:The funniest jokes carry a little edginess（急躁）,but not too much.D:But can the same be said for humor as a whole?E:Maybe practice does make perfect.F:Laughter is the bridge between dreams and reason,and ev6ry good bridge needs abutments.
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Free Statins with Fast Food could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of1so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food,researchers at Imperial College London 2in a new study.Statins reduce the3of unhealthy“LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack4.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is5to offset the increase in heart attack risk from6a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study,said:“Statins don't cut out all of the7effects of cheeseburgers and French fries. It's better to avoid fatty food altogether. But we've worked out that in terms of your8of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same9 as a fast food meal increases it.”“It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condi-ments in fast food outlets as they10,but statins,which are beneficial to heart health,have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11 free of charge. It would cost less than 5 pence per/u>12一not much different to a sachet of sugar.”Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they're encouraged to take13that lower their risk,like14a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a statin is a rational way of15some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.4._________A: frequency B: treatment C: diagnosis D: risk
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The Forbidden AppleNew York used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it's the city that never smokes,drinks or does anything naughty(at least,not in public).The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park,could you have one?No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isn't allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs（碎屑）of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It's illegal. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette,that would be OK,wouldn't it?Er…no.You can't smoke in public in New York City.What's going on?Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this?The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want,when they want.The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They re- cently spent$100,000 ona“Don't blame the cop”campaign. One New York police officer said,”We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It's all about money.”The result is lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida,and Israeli tourist,fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up,two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats(you mustn't use two seats in the subway).Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine,Graydon Carter,says.”Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work,but not an empty ashtray.”He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray（烟灰缸）.But not all of New York's inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry,72,said,”The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws,America would be a better place to live.”Nixon Patotkis,38,a barman,said,”I like the new laws. If people smoked in here, we'd go home smelling of cigarettes.”Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities.And it's true一It's safer,cleaner and more healthy than before. But let'sbe honest一who goes to New York for its clean streets?Eating apples in the park is illegal.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned
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Caribbean IslandsWhat would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?Palm trees and coconuts（椰子）?White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colorful corals（珊瑚）and even more colorful fishes and birds?You bet.There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea.They are famous for their warm,tropical climate and great natural beauty.The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean._________(1)Many of the islands were formed by the eruption （爆发）of ancient volcanoes（火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.The Caribbean Islands are known by several names._________(2)The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of India.Later,Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea._________(3)These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles.Together,they account for about 90 per cent of the land area of the Caribbean lslands.The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller._________(4)You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters.There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny.Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands._________(5)Many tourists arrive on cruise ships._________（4）A:But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.B:The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies,later changed to the West Indies.C:They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.D:They are Cuba,Puerto Rico,Jamaica,and Hispaniola.E:This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year.F:Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers（小片）of exposed coral.
问题
An Essential Scientific Process
All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, theplants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take inthe nutrients the plants have made sted. But that’s not all.Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by theplant, but a plant usually produces me oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygenis necessary f animals other ganisms to live.
The process of changing light into food oxygen is calledphotosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbondioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbondioxide travels to chloplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants.This is photosynthesis takes place. Chloplasts contain the chlophyllsthat give plants their green col. The chlophylls are the molecules thattrap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water carbon dioxide toproduce oxygen a simple sugar called glucose.
Carbon dioxide oxygen move into out of the stomata. Watervap also moves out of the stomata. Me than 90 percent of water a planttakes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, thestomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leavesf photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomataof most plants close. Water loss stops.
If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food other ganicmatter on the earth. Most ganisms would disappear. The earth’s atmospherewould no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential f life on ourplanet.
词汇：
nutrient n.营养物
ganism n.生物体，有机体
carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳
chloplast n.叶绿体
molecule n.分子
vap n.水蒸气
oxygen n.氧气
photosynthesis n.光合作用
chlophyll n.叶绿素
glucose n.葡萄糖
cease v.停止
注释：
1.Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。
练习：
1.In the first paragraph，the wd “excess” means
A.heavy.
B.extra.
C.green.
D.liquid.
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第三篇Weaving with LightIn the Sierra Madre mountain range of west central Mexico,the native Huichol people live much the way their ancestors did一without electricity,That’s because it's too expensive to string power lines to the remote mountain areas where they live.To help support themselves,the Huichol create beautiful artwork. They sell their art in cities hundreds of miles away from their villages.And without electricity一at home or on the road,they can only work during daylight hours?When it gets dark,they must stop whatever they'redoing.Now，a team of scientists,designers,and architects is using new technologies to provide the Huichol with light after the sun sets.The scientists'technique involves weaving tiny electronic crystals into fabrics that can be made into clothes,bags,or other items.By collecting the sun’s energy during the day,these lightweight fabrics provide bright white light atnight一 Their inventors have named the fabrics" Portable（轻便的）Lights."Portable Lights have the potential to transform the lives of people without electricity around the world.At the core of Portable Lights technology are devices called high-brightness light-emitting diodes（高亮 度发光二极管）,or HB LEDs. These tiny lights appear in digital clocks, televisions, and streetlights.LEDs are completely different from the light bulbs（灯泡）.Most of those glass bulbs belong to a type called incandescent lights（白炽灯）.Inside, electricity heats a metal coil（线圈）to about 2. 200 degrees Celsius.At that temperature,bulbs give off light we can see.Ninety percent of energy produced by mnean- descent lights,however,is heat一and invisible.With all that wasted energy,bulbs burn out quickly. Theyare also easily broken.LEDs,on the other hand,are like tiny pieces of rock made up of molecules（分子）that are arranged in a crystal structure.When an electric current passes through a LED,the crystal structure produces light. Un- like incandescent bulbs,they can produce light of various colors.Within a LED,the type of molecules and their particular arrangement determine what color is produced.The Huichol don't use electricity because ________.A:it is too difficult for them to change their lifestyleB:they know nothing about itC:it costs too much to string power linesD:they don't need it
问题
They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A:prove
B:discover
C:consider
D:imagine
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Animal's"Sixth Sense"A tsunami（海啸）was triggered（引发）by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December,2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa.Wild animals,_________(1),seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a"sixth sense"for_________(2), experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 peoplealong the Indian Ocean island's coast clearly_________(3)wild beasts,with no dead animals found."No elephants are dead,not_________(4)a dead rabbit.I think animals can _________(5)disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening,"H.D. Ratnayake,deputy director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department,said about one month after the tsunami attack.The_________(6)washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged（被毁坏的）southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife_________(7)and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards（豹）."There has been_________(8)apparent evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions（火山爆发）or earthquakes. But it has not been proven,"said Matthew van Lierop,an animal behavior_________(9)at Johannesburg Zoo."There have been no_________(10)studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting , " he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred（同意）with this _________(11)."Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain_________(12),especially birds… there are many reports of birds detecting impending（迫近的）disasters , " said Clive Walker,who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals_________(13)rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators（食肉动物）.The notion of an animal"sixth sense”一or_________(14)other mythical power一 is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka's ravaged（荒凉的）coast is likely toadd_________(15)._________(2)A:shelters B:foods C:disasters D:water
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第二篇Don't Count on Dung（粪便）Conservationists（自然保护主义者）may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants,say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung（粪）the creatures leave behind.The mistake could lead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society(WCS)in New York.Biologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca,New York,agrees,"We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,"says Payne,who electronically tracks elephants.Counting elephants from planes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays because it's extremely difficult to determine these rates. However,researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. "Using the wrong values can lead the census astray（离开正道）,"says Plumptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Cameroon.They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 percent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon.If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon,they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally,says Plumptre"However accurate your dung density estimate might be,the decay rate can severely affect the result."Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephant's natural range.The usual technique of monitoring only small,protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions,he says"If the elephant population increases within the protected area,you cannot determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached（入侵偷猎）outside."Plumptre says that similar problems may also affect other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests,tracks or burrows（地洞）.The first word"He"in paragraph 6 refers to______.A:Andrew Plumptre B:Katy PayneC:Anthony Chifu Nchanji D:the writer of the article
问题
The child's abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.A:bad
B:frightening
C:repeated
D:unusual